BIOCHEM REVIEWER kreb cycle_250309_091636

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19 Terms

1
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What is the function of the plasma membrane?
It separates the cell from the outside environment.
2
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What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
Stores genetic information and RNA synthesis; controls all cell activities.
3
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What divides the cell surface into two parts: luminal and extraluminal?
Endoplasmic reticulum.
4
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What are ribosomes primarily responsible for?
They are the main site for protein synthesis.
5
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Why is the mitochondrion referred to as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
Because they produce energy.
6
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
It is an important site for the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.
7
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What are lysosomes often referred to as, and why?
'Suicidal bags' because they possess hydrolytic enzymes to digest various biomolecules.
8
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What defines the outer membrane of the mitochondrion?
It is 50% lipid and 50% protein and is permeable.
9
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What characterizes the inner membrane of the mitochondrion?
It is made up of 20% lipid and 80% protein and is impermeable.
10
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What is metabolism?
All the biochemical reactions that take place in a living organism.
11
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What does anabolism do?
Breaks down large molecules.
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What does catabolism do?
Synthesizes large molecules.
13
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What is a metabolic pathway?
A series of consecutive biochemical reactions used to convert a starting material into an end product.
14
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What is produced during digestion in biochemical energy production?
Energy is released by breaking down food.
15
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What occurs in the electron transport chain?
A series of compounds utilize electrons from electron carriers to develop a chemical gradient.
16
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How many ATP molecules are produced from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
Approximately 30-32 ATP.
17
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What happens to acetyl-CoA from pyruvate oxidation in metabolism?
It enters the Krebs cycle.
18
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What is chemiosmosis?
The process in which protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix.
19
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What is the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase?
It transfers electrons between complexes in the electron transport chain.