Lab Practical Midterm

palatine bone

sagital suture

foramen ovale

hole in the heart; stays open after birth

jugular foreamen

crista galli

a thick, triangular bony wedge that projects upward from the ethmoid bone into the anterior cranial cavity

magnum foramen

large, oval shaped opening in the occipital bone for brainstem, nerves, blood vessels

hypophyseal foreamen

vomer

hypoglossal canal

maxillary sinus

transverse process

dens

clavicle

talus

manubrium

left hip

mastoid process

lesser trochanter

glenoid cavity

radius

acetabulum

fovea capitis

intermediate cuneiform

anterio fontenal

condyloid joint

a type of synovial joint where an oval shaped bone surface, or condyle, fits into a matching elliptical cavity

saddel joint

a highly flexible type of synovial joint where the opposing bone surfaces are both concave in one direction and convex in the other

patellar ligament

posterior cruciate ligament

circumduction

circular motion

abduction

movement away from the midline of the body

illiofemoral ligament

pubofemoral ligament

lateral condyle

scapula

I band

contains only thin actin filaments of sarcomere

A band

dark central unit of sarcomere (basic unit of muscle contraction)

sarcoplasmic reticulum

a specialized, membrane bound organelle found in muscle cells

Z disc

boundary that separates individual sarcomeres

actin

pairs with myosin- which motors use ATP to walk along actin filaments

M line

ACh

myofibrils

long rod like organelles inside muscle cells responsible for muscle contraction

epimyosin

perimyosin

endomyosin

isometric muscle contraction

muscles generate force and contract- but overall strength remain unchanged

isotonic muscle contraction

muscle generates constant tension while length changes

muscle fatigue causes

energy depletion, metabolic accumulation, nervous system and cellular signaling, electrolyte and hydration imbalance, CNS fatigue

sharpey fibers

hold periosteum to compact bones

haversian canals

longitudinal tubes running through the dense outer layer of compact bones that house the bone’s primary blood vessels, nerve fibers, and lymphatic vessels

circumferentia lamella

layers of calcified bones matrix that run parallel to the circumference of a long bone’s shaft, wrapping around the entire bone

laclunae

gaps in bode tissue

collagen

forms a complex network that provides essential tensile strength, support, and elasticity

hydroxyapatite

calcium phosphate mineral that makes up roughly 90% of tooth enamel, and 60% of of bones

fasicle

grouped fibers bound together by connective tissue

sarcomere

basic functional and contractile unit of stratiated muscle

myofibril

tendon

rough, flexible band of fibrous dense connective tissue that connects skeletal muscle to bone

filtration

separating metabolic waste, toxins, and excess fluid form the blood

osmosis

movement of water through a semipermeable membnrane

diffusion

moevement of particles from a region of higher concentraion to lower

facilitated diffusion

passive transport of molecules down their gradient, assisted by transmembranic proteins