Recorded Lecture: Neuro DD & Interventions

Differentiate the structures involved, tone, reflexes, sensation, involuntary movements, and voluntary movements of: UMN

• EX: stroke, SCI, TBI, CP, MS, ALS

• Structures involved: cortex, brainstem, SC

• Tone: increased, SPASTICITY, velocity dependent

• Reflexes: hyperreflexia, abnormal: clonus, babinski

• Sensation: decreased

• Involuntary movements: muscle spasms

• Voluntary movements: synergic patterns

MRI/CT TESTING, opposite side affected generally

Differentiate the structures involved, tone, reflexes, sensation, involuntary movements, and voluntary movements of: LMN

• EX: GBS, ALS, PNI, radiculopathy, neuropathy, polio

• Structures involved: peripheral nerves, nerve roots, cranial nerves

• Tone: decreased, hypotonia

• Reflexes: hyporeflexia

• Sensation: decreased

• Involuntary movements: denervation - fasciculations

• Voluntary movements: weak or absent

EMG/CV TESTING

Differentiate the structures involved, tone, reflexes, sensation, involuntary movements, and voluntary movements of: Basal Ganglia

• EX: PD

• Structures involved: basal ganglia

• Tone: increased, RIGIDITY, NOT velocity dependent

• Reflexes: decreased or normal

• Sensation: normal

• Involuntary movements: resting tremor

• Voluntary movements: bradykinesia, akinesia

Differentiate the structures involved, tone, reflexes, sensation, involuntary movements, and voluntary movements of: Cerebellum

• Structures involved: cerebellum

• Tone: decreased or normal

• Reflexes: decreased or normal

• Sensation: normal

• Involuntary movements: nystagmus

• Voluntary movements:ataxia, intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia (perform rapid, alternating muscle movements smoothly), dysmetria (judge distance, speed, or range of motion)

IPSILATERAL SX