Consciousness

Consciousness

Personal awareness of mental activities, internal sensations, and external environments

Attention

Capacity to selectively focus awareness on particular stimuli

Consciousness

Personal awareness of mental activities, internal sensations, and external environments

Attention

Capacity to selectively focus awareness on particular stimuli

Characteristics of Attentions

-Limited Capacity & focus on info most relevant to goals

-Selective; cocktail party effect

-"Blind"

Hershey Kiss in the cup example

Limited capacity and focus on the information that was most relevant to the goal.

Selective; Cocktail Party effect

Being able to focus on one person speaking to you in a loud rom, but if someone calls your name our attention picks up

Types of Attention Blindness

Misdirection

Inattentional

Change

Misdirection Blindness:

look in one area but something is changing in a different direction

A magician makes a coin vanish by moving the audience's attention to his hand

Misdirectional Blindness

Inattentional Blindness

Being so focused on something and not seeing something right in front of you

Participants focus on the number of basketball passes meanwhile a gorilla danced through the video and no one noticed

Inattentional Blindness

Change Blindness

Not recognizing that something has changed

Asking the wrong waiter for the check

Change Blindness

Effects of multitasking

-Involves division of attention

-Creates less attention and impairs attention for each task

-Produce inattentional deafness

Circadian Rhythm

-Cycle/Rhythm that is roughly 24 hours long

-Controlled in the hypothalamus

Synchronizing a person's circadian rhythm

-Daily cycle fluctuation in a biological & psychological processes

-Biological clock

-Environmental cues(sunlight)

Graphic record of brain activity produced by an electroencephalograph

EEG

quiet sleep, no dreams; deepest sleep

-divided into 3 stages

NREM

-Sleep during rapid eye movement sleep

-Dreaming occurs

REM

Sleep Process

Awake&Alert

Awake&Drowsy

Stage 1 NREM

Stage 2 NREM

Stage 3 NREM

REM

Awake & Alert

Beta brain waves

Awake & Drowsy

Alpha brain waves

Hypnagogic Hallucinations

Vivid sensory phenomena that occur during the wakefulness to sleep

Stage 1 of NREM

mix of Alpha & Theta brain waves

Stage 2 of NREM

-Theta brain waves

-Sleep Spindles (bursts of brain activity)

-K complexes

Stage 3 of NREM

Delta brain waves

REM

Fast active brain waves accompanied by rapid eye movements

Beta

Alert awakefulness

Alpha

relaxed wakefulness and drowsiness

Theta

Transition from wakefulness to sleep

Delta

files away memories from the day

Why we need sleep (SCIRL)

-Strengthen memories

-Clear brain metabolic waste

-Immune function

-Regulate mood

-Learning & memory

Dreams

unfolding sequences of thoughts, perceptions, and emotions that typically occur during REM

Manifest component

the part of the dream that you remember

Latent component

Hidden or symbolic meaning (this would reveal what is in our unconscious mind)

Most people dream about __ feelings/thoughts

negative

Nightmares

vivid and frightening dreams during REM

Theories of Dreams

Activation-Synthesis Model (start-combine)

-Neurocognitive model of Dreaming

Creating false sensations based on what we know because we are not actually experiencing real sensations when we dream(our perception)

Neurocognitive model of dreaming

Our brains take our dream images putting them into a sequence that makes sense to us

Activation-Synthesis Model (start to combine)

Serious and consistent sleep disturbances that interfere with daytime functioning and cause subjective distress

Sleep Disorders

Insomnia

Not being able to fall asleep, go back to sleep, or get enough sleep

Stimulus Control Therapy

Associating your bedroom with only going to sleep and no other activities

Apnea

Person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep

Narcolepsy

Excessive daytime sleepiness and lapses into sleep throughout the day (sleep attacks)

-Undesired actions during sleep or sleep transitions

-Lack of consciousness

-No memory of it

Parasomnia:

Sleep Terrors, sleepwalking, sleep-related ED

-Sexsomnia

Cooperative social interaction in which the hypnotized person responds to the hypnotist's suggestions and changes in perception, memory, thoughts, and behaviors

Hypnosis

Changes in senses and behaviors outside of hypnotic state

Posthypnotic suggestions

Splitting consciousness into 2 or more simultaneous streams of mental activity

Dissociation

Hypnosis involves a special state (something we are not normally in)

State view

Social cognitive theory state (going into it having expectations/placebo)

The non-state view

Brain function alteration

The imaginative suggestibility view

sustained concentration techniques that focus attention and heighten awareness

Meditation

Goal of Meditation

Control or train attention

Focusing on a mantra is known as

Focus attention technique

focusing on sensation and the "here and now" is known as

Open monitoring techniques

Effects of meditation

Improves

Increases

Improves emotional & _

Reduces

concentration/attentiveness

working memory

control and well-being

stress

Psychoactive Drugs

Depressants

Opioids

Stimulants

Psychedelics

Examples and effects of depressants

-Alcohol & Barbiturates

-depress brain activity, relieving anxiety and produce sleepiness

Effects of Opioids

-Chemically similar to morphine and relieve pain and produce euphoria

-Changes the brain perception

-Mimics endorphines

Natural opioids

Opium form poppy