Chicano and Latino Studies Final

According to Yosso (2006), the Chicana/o educational pipeline is described as:

A. A stable system
B. A leaky pipeline
C. An equal-access model
D. A culturally neutral structure

B. A leaky pipeline

Biological deficiency theory falsely claimed that:

A. Schools lacked resources
B. Mexican Americans had flawed genetic traits
C. Teachers needed more training
D. Immigrant students were multilingual

B. Mexican Americans had flawed genetic traits

The Lemon Grove Incident took place in:

A. 1925
B. 1931
C. 1936
D. 1947

B. 1931

What made Lemon Grove historically significant?

A. It was the first federal desegregation case
B. It created bilingual education
C. It was the first successful local desegregation case in U.S. history
D. It ended all Mexican schools

C. It was the first successful local desegregation case in U.S. history

Mendez v. Westminster (1947) ruled that:

A. Segregating Mexican Americans was unconstitutional
B. IQ tests must be revised
C. Mexican parents must assimilate
D. Schools can create “remedial” Mexican classrooms

A. Segregating Mexican Americans was unconstitutional

Which of the following is an example of structural discrimination?

A. A student skipping class
B. Underfunded schools in Latino communities
C. Parents not attending PTA meetings
D. Students refusing to do homework

B. Underfunded schools in Latino communities

The first College of Ethnic Studies (SFSU) was created after a major student strike in:

A. 1954
B. 1965
C. 1969
D. 1973

C. 1969

El Plan de Santa Barbara (1969) was significant because it:

A. Restricted entry to UC schools
B. Banned Chicano Studies
C. Created a roadmap for Chicana/o Studies programs
D. Introduced standardized testing for Latinos

C. Created a roadmap for Chicana/o Studies programs

Arizona’s 2010 bill HB2281 targeted which program?

A. ESL programs
B. Mexican American Studies
C. African American Studies
D. Dual Language Immersion

B. Mexican American Studies

In the 2020 election, Latino voter turnout reached:

A. 35%
B. 48%
C. 54%
D. 70%

C. 54%

Historically, which Latino group leans more Republican?

A. Mexican Americans
B. Dominicans
C. Cubans
D. Salvadorans

C. Cubans

NAFTA went into effect in what year?

A. 1986
B. 1990
C. 1994
D. 2000

C. 1994

Which term describes how institutions perpetuate inequality through laws and policies that favor the dominant group?

A. Cultural deficiency
B. Structural discrimination
C. Individual prejudice
D. Social mobility

B. Structural discrimination

Americanization programs in the early 1900s primarily aimed to:

A. Strengthen bilingualism
B. Support multicultural identity
C. Assimilate Mexican American children into White American culture
D. Teach advanced academic subjects

C. Assimilate Mexican American children into White American culture

Which high school student-led movement helped influence the creation of Ethnic Studies?

A. 1968 East LA Walkouts
B. 1947 Mendez v. Westminster
C. 1954 Brown v. Board of Education
D. 1982 Plyler v. Doe

A. 1968 East LA Walkouts

A core goal of Chicana/o/x Studies is to:

A. Promote full assimilation
B. Erase cultural identity
C. Improve conditions, leadership, and self-determination for Chicanx/Latinx communities
D. Focus only on literature

C. Improve conditions, leadership, and self-determination for Chicanx/Latinx communities

HB2281 (2010) was passed one month after which major immigration policy in Arizona?

A. DACA
B. SB1070 (“Show me your papers” law)
C. Proposition 187
D. Operation Wetback

B. SB1070 (“Show me your papers” law)

In the 2012 election, Latino voters supported Obama over Romney by:

A. 55% to 45%
B. 60% to 40%
C. 71% to 27%
D. 80% to 20%

C. 71% to 27%

According to Week 12, Ethnic Studies helps students by:

A. Teaching European history as superior
B. Reducing critical thinking
C. Allowing students to see their identities and histories reflected positively
D. Removing discussions about inequality

C. Allowing students to see their identities and histories reflected positively

Which issue did 60% of Latino voters identify as the MOST important in the 2012 election?

A. Immigration
B. Education
C. Economy/jobs
D. Healthcare

C. Economy/jobs

The idea that “the Latino vote is not a monolith” means:

A. All Latinos vote Republican
B. All Latinos vote Democrat
C. Latino voters are diverse with different interests and priorities
D. Latino voters have identical immigration histories

C. Latino voters are diverse with different interests and priorities

Which term refers to anti-immigrant sentiment rooted in protecting “native-born” Americans from newcomers?

A. Biculturalism
B. Nativism
C. Globalism
D. Multiculturalism

B. Nativism

NAFTA negatively impacted small farmers in Mexico by:

A. Increasing the price of crops
B. Bringing more U.S. aid
C. Flooding Mexico with cheap U.S. corn, destroying livelihoods
D. Opening more government jobs

C. Flooding Mexico with cheap U.S. corn, destroying livelihoods

U.S. intervention in Central America during the Cold War often involved:

A. Supporting democratic socialist movements
B. Backing military coups and dictators to stop communism
C. Building schools and hospitals
D. Ending civil wars peacefully

B. Backing military coups and dictators to stop communism

Which factor is a major push factor driving Central American migration to the U.S.?

A. Lower taxes
B. Lack of Spanish-language schools
C. Violence, poverty, and political instability
D. High college tuition

C. Violence, poverty, and political instability

The Monroe Doctrine (1823) stated that:

A. The U.S. would not interfere in Europe
B. European powers must not colonize the Americas
C. The U.S. must open its borders
D. Immigration laws must be enforced strictly

B. European powers must not colonize the Americas

U.S. support for military coups in Central America was primarily justified by:

A. Stopping communism
B. Expanding bilingual education
C. Building trade schools
D. Promoting Mayan culture

A. Stopping communism

The United Fruit Company is considered a symbol of U.S. imperialism because:

A. It employed only Central Americans
B. It controlled governments and exploited labor in Central America
C. It funded ethnic studies programs
D. It helped small farmers compete globally

B. It controlled governments and exploited labor in Central America

Which Central American conflict resulted in about 75,000 deaths between 1980–1992?

A. Nicaraguan Contras War
B. Honduran Civil War
C. El Salvador Civil War
D. Panama Canal Crisis

C. El Salvador Civil War

Which of the following was a major result of NAFTA?

A. Decrease in migration to the U.S.
B. Rise in wages for Mexican farmers
C. Millions of Mexican farmers losing their land
D. Stronger government support for agriculture

C. Millions of Mexican farmers losing their land

Anti-immigrant language such as “illegal alien” is harmful because it:

A. Encourages bilingualism
B. Is used legally in court documents
C. Dehumanizes immigrants and invites violence
D. Refers only to undocumented workers

C. Dehumanizes immigrants and invites violence

The term “nativism” refers to:

A. Protecting the rights of all global citizens
B. Favoring native-born citizens over immigrants
C. Increasing student political activism
D. Promoting multilingual education

B. Favoring native-born citizens over immigrants

According to the slides, media and politicians often blame immigrants for problems like crime and unemployment. This is an example of:

A. Migration flow theory
B. Economic dependency
C. Scapegoating
D. Structural assimilation

C. Scapegoating

By 2021, the Central American–born population in the U.S.:

A. Had decreased due to war ending
B. Grew tenfold since 1980
C. Included fewer migrants from Guatemala and Honduras
D. Was limited mostly to Florida

B. Grew tenfold since 1980

Which three Central American countries account for the majority of migrants and TPS recipients?

A. Panama, Belize, Costa Rica
B. El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras
C. Nicaragua, Belize, Guatemala
D. Honduras, Panama, Costa Rica

B. El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras