The Global Tapestry and Networks of Exchange

Flashcards about the Rise of Islam, Umayyad Dynasty, Islamic Golden Age, Abbasid Dynasty, Islamic Spain/Al-Andalus, Medieval Europe, Byzantine Empire, Kiev Rus, China, Japan, Korea, SE Asia, South Asia/India, Mongols, East Africa, West Africa, South America, Technology and Networks of Exchange

What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?

The 5 Pillars of Islam are: (1) one God- Allah (2) pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) (3) pray 5x a day (4) $ to the poor (5) fast during Ramadan

What is the key difference between Sunni and Shiite Muslims?

Shiites believe that the caliph must be a direct descendant of Muhammad, while Sunnis believe it can be any well-qualified individual

What is Sufism?

Mystical Islam: more focused on introspection and a personal relationship with Allah rather than studying the Koran

What was the House of Wisdom?

An intellectual center and library in Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age

Who is considered to be the final prophet in Islam?

Muhammad

What is the Hegira?

Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina

Which groups were considered 'People of the Book' in Islam?

Jewish people and Christians

What is Jihad?

Inner struggle to be true to the faith/ war to protect Islam

What is Hijab?

Women cover their bodies to preserve modesty

List 3 rights Islamic women had.

Islamic Women had more rights than bedouins, Christian and Jewish women. They could own and inherit property, they received their dowries not their fathers, remarry after a divorce, practice birth control, female infanticide was forbidden.

What was the first Sunni dynasty?

Umayyad Dynasty

In what city did the Abbasids move the capital to?

The Abbasids moved the capital to Baghdad because it is better for trade

Who was Avicenna?

A Persian Muslim scholar who wrote on medicine, philosophy and astronomy

Who was Ibn Rushd?

A scholar who wrote on the sciences and philosophy

What is Feudalism?

A strict social structure, decentralized central gov’t (king/lords/knights/peasants/ serfs) emerged to create some order out of the chaos.

What happened at the Battle of Tours?

Failed invasion of France in 732, Battle of Tours (defeated by Charles Martel preserving Christianity as the dominant religion in Western Europe)

When did the Early Middle Ages occur?

476-814

Who was Charles Martel?

Charles Martel defeated the Muslim invasion at the Battle of Tours, 732 preserving Christianity as the sole religion in Europe (except for small communities of Jewish people).

Who was Charlemagne?

Charlemagne unified western Europe for a short period of time 800 AD, Carolingian Renaissance (art and literature)

When did the Feudal Period occur?

814-1100

What is Manorialism?

Economic system- self- sufficient feudal village, no outside trade, weak agricultural development (only 10% of land was farmed)

When did the High Middle Ages occur?

1100-1400

What were the Crusades?

Pope Urban II, 1096, wars to regain the holy land- reopens trade with Middle East

What did the Magna Carta do?

Created Parliament limiting power of the king

What was the Black Death?

With the reopening of trade with the East, Europe was vulnerable to diseases. ⅓ of population was killed creating labor shortages and helping to hasten the end of the feudal system

What was Justinian's Code?

Organized and preserved Roman laws and was the foundation of law until modern times in Europe

What was the Hagia Sophia?

Building constructed for worship.

What alphabet was created for the Slavic people?

Cyrillic Alphabet- created for the Slavic people and adopted by the Russians to spread Orthodox Christianity and increase literacy

What was the Great Schism of 1054?

The Byzantine Orthodox Church will split with Catholic Church in Rome over the issue of iconoclasm (no images of religious figures), the supremacy of the Pope in Rome over the Patriarch in Constantinople and the center of Christianity (Rome vs. Constantinople)

What was Kiev Rus?

A group of early city- states run by Vikings that had migrated into Eastern Europe to conquer the slavic tribes

Who are Boyars?

Viking nobility who had a lot of power in the system. They elected the Grand Prince of Kiev

When did the Rus convert to Christianity?

989- the Rus will convert to Christianity and build domed churches mimicking the Hagia Sophia

How were peasants used by the Kiev Rus?

To deal with over population each city state had to send a quota of peasants to be sold as slaves in Baghdad (Islamic Empire- Muslims can’t enslave other Muslims)

Who conquered the Kiev Rus in 1240?

The Mongols in 1240

What characterized Post Classical China?

Golden age: territorial and economic expansion with the development of art and literature.

What was the Middle Kingdom?

Believed they were the center of the world

What is the tributary system?

Other states had to pay China money, or goods

What is kowtow?

Bowing their head to the floor.

What is the scholar gentry?

They will become the most influential social class in China.

Who was Li Bo?

A famous poet who wrote about leisure and nature.

What agricultural reforms did the Tang institute?

The equal- field system which gave land to peasants, they used manure to fertilize crops, and new irrigation techniques all which led to greater prosperity.

What is 'flying cash'?

Paper money that could be deposited in one location and withdrawn at a different. This was easier than transporting heavy coins and increased trade and economic growth. This is how modern banking will be done in the future.

Who was Xuanzang?

A Chinese Buddhist monk spent years studying and translating many Buddhist texts into Chinese helping Buddhism to grow in China.

What is 'neo-Confucianism'?

A revival of Confucianism (and pushing out of Buddhism and Daoism that had made their way into Chinese society for centuries) that valued the “five relationships and filial piety”, very “traditional” in nature, scholars became more influential than the military, civil service exams gained more importance as education was highly valued.

What were Civil Service Exams?

Exams that were open to all social classes because they wanted the best minds to work for the government but the wealthier classes had more opportunity to prepare and train their sons for the tests.

What is Champa rice?

Fast growing rice spread from North Vietnam to China. Produced higher yields to feed the growing population.

What practices started during the Song Dynasty?

Foot Binding

Where is Japan?

Archipelago chain of islands, has little natural resources, extensive fishing , Korea is the LAND BRIDGE between China and Japan

What is the Tale of Genji?

By a female noblewoman, Murasaki Shikibu. This is considered the world’s first novel because it tells the stories/ adventures of a Japanese prince and shows the character’s development over time.

What is a Shogun?

Military leader that had more power than the emperor who was largely just a figurehead.

What are Daimyos?

Japanese land owning nobles called daimyos had the most political power. They hired samurais (warriors) to protect their lands (much like European knights).

What are samurais?

Warriors that fought for Daimyo's and had strict codes of behavior (chivalry for European knights and the code of bushido for Japanese samurai).

What cultural practices did Korea take from China?

Buddhism and Confucianism and Chinese writing.

What is the Srivijaya Empire?

Located on Java and Sumatra islands in modern day Indonesia

What is the Khmer Empire?

Prosperous agricultural kingdom because of their complex irrigation and drainage systems that allowed them to produce several harvests of rice a years

What is Angkor Wat?

A temple system is a demonstration of their architectural abilities

What is the Delhi Sultanate?

Located in north central India

Who are Mongols?

Nomadic pastoralists from Central Asia (Asian steppes), lived in yurts (circular tents), skilled horsemen

Who was Genghis Khan?

Ruler of all, a ruthless and brutal leader

What is Pax Mongolia?

Period of peace and prosperity. With the stability of Mongol rule there came a period of prosperity

What is Axum?

Modern day Ethiopia. Adopted Christianity and remained an island of Christianity in Africa.

What is the Swahili Coast?

The east coast of Africa called Swahili by Arabs meaning “coasters/ traders”

Who was Sundiata?

Founded by Sundiata (Muslim): the only survivor and cripple when his ruling family was overthrown. He trained and reclaimed his throne making him a legend.

Who was Mansa Musa?

Most powerful leader: Mansa Musa- went to Mecca (1324)

What is Timbuktu?

Large/ advanced city, a major center of learning for Islamic scholars

Where were the Aztecs located?

Located in central Mexico, capital Tenochtitlan (200,000 pop) around Lake Texcoco.

What are Chinampas?

Floating gardens on Lake Texcoco and irrigation ditches to increase arable (farm) land

Where were the Incas located?

Located in South America (modern day Peru, Ecuador and Chile)

What is Mita system?

Conquered people had to perform mandatory public service (labor: farm or construction) instead of paying (taxes/tribute)

What were Networks of Exchange?

Silk Roads Trade, Trans-Saharan Trade,Indian Ocean Trade and Hanseatic League

Examples of Forms of Credit?

Chinese: flying cash, paper currency andItalian bankers: bills of exchange, Banking industry