Chapter 6

These flashcards cover key concepts related to arguments by analogy, highlighting definitions and important distinctions.

Analogy

A comparison between two things that highlights similarities between them.

Arguments by Analogy

An argument asserting that if a property or relationship holds between two things A and B, it should also hold between C and D, based on their similarity.

Precedent Analogy

An argument based on the similarity of circumstances, often leading to evaluative conclusions.

Causal Analogy

An argument that uses past events to predict future events, typically leading to factual conclusions.

Illustrative Analogy

A comparison used to aid understanding, not necessarily an argument in itself.

Faulty Analogy

An analogy that suffers from an asymmetry between the outlined relationship and the conclusion drawn.

Apples and Oranges Comparison

An argument that highlights irrelevant differences between the items being compared, often weakening the analogy.

Fallacy of Composition

Assuming that properties of parts also apply to the whole.

Fallacy of Division

Assuming that properties of the whole also apply to individual parts.

David Hume's Argument

An analogy used to infer the existence of a Deity by comparing nature to human intelligence.