Practical Research 1 Reviewer

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards based on the Practical Research 1 Reviewer covering research paradigms, qualitative designs, research phases, sampling methods, and analytical procedures.

Research

It deals in bringing in something new through analytical reasoning, which the product is an organized knowledge.

Postpositivist

A research perspective asserting: 'We cannot be positive in our claims of knowledge when studying behavior and actions of humans'.

Pragmatic

A research perspective asserting: 'We need to look to many possibilities for collecting and analyzing data'.

Transformative

A research perspective asserting: 'Research inquiry should be intertwined with politics and political change agenda'.

Constructivist

A research perspective asserting: 'Individual develop subjective meanings of their experiences'.

Quantitative Research

An objective, systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena through the use of statistics.

Qualitative Research

A type of research that collects and works with non-numerical data.

Mixed Approach

Inquiry involving collecting both quantitative and qualitative data, and integrating the two forms of data.

Research Topic

Area of the study, common ground.

Intellectualized Topic

Specificity of study, distinctiveness of your research.

Historical Research

A systematic study of past events that examines the documents of the past to help researcher understand and connect it in the present time.

Phenomenological Research

A systematic study of the lived experiences of individuals.

Case Study

In-depth analysis of a single entity or a small group.

Narrative Analysis

Focuses on a specific story as the subject matter of inquiry.

Grounded Theory

A systematic collection of data through observation and interview to generate a comprehensive explanation of a phenomenon grounded in reality.

Conceptualization Phase

The research phase where the topic is identified.

Design Phase

The phase wherein how, where, and when will the study be conducted and analyzed is addressed.

Empirical Phase

The phase where researchers are equipped with the necessary attitude, behavior, and tools in gathering data from different prospective sources.

Analytical Phase

Most challenging phase of the research.

Dissemination Phase

Most valuable but often neglected phase by the researchers.

Research Literature

Empirically-based materials, like scientific papers, theses, and dissertations, both published and unpublished, coming from local and foreign sources.

Conceptual Literature

Contains foreign and/or local literature coming from books relevant to the study, but are data-free or non-empirical material.

Gray Literature

Literature from other sources such as magazines, newspapers, flyers, and other forms of material.

Reconnaissance

The process of reviewing several studies and literature.

Citation Style

Predefined styles stating how to properly cite or give credit to the sources of your literature.

Explicit Citation

Citation format structured as Author_(Year)_Verb_Statement.

Implicit Citation

Citation format structured as Statement_(Authors, year).

Direct Quotation

Uses quotation marks around the quote and includes page numbers.

Indirect Quotation

Quotation style that does not use quotation marks.

Population and Sampling (Section)

Description of the demographic characteristics of the participants in the study.

Research Ethics

Ethical standards and permissions, such as ethical board reviews, permissions on animal usage, etc.

Research Design

It discusses the approach and design used in the study.

Research Instruments

Section where each questionnaire used in the study must be described in detail.

Research Locale

Description of the geographical characteristic of the place of study.

Data Analysis (Section)

Sub-section that explains how data will be analyzed.

Confidentiality and Privacy

Security measures used to protect information divulged by the respondents.

Intellectual Property

A work or invention that is the result of creativity to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.

Informed Consent

It ensures that the individuals involved are voluntarily participating.

Data Collection

The step-by-step process that must be explained comprehensively by the researchers.

Warm Analysis

Phase of data analysis involving grouping, sorting, and assigning themes.

Collaizi's Method

An analysis method that calls for returning back to study participants.

Giorgi's Method

The analysis method to validate results that relies solely on researchers.

Van Kaam Method

Method that requires that inter-subjective agreement be reached with other expert judges.

Cool Analysis

Phase of data analysis focused on extracting significant statements.

Purposive Sampling

Criteria set by the researchers that is relevant to the topic under study, such as an HR director interviewing only qualified candidates based on judgment.

Snowball Sampling

A sampling approach where a researcher asks a participant to refer others, such as asking a participant to refer another businessman earning at least 3 million per year.

Simple Random Sampling

Sampling technique exemplified by the fishbowl technique.

Cluster Sampling

A sampling method also known as multi-stage sampling.

Convenience Sampling

Sampling method involving stopping people in the street to conduct an interview or to administer a survey questionnaire.

Coding

Requires the researcher to assign a code to extracted significant statements from the field text.

Transcription

A translation between forms of data, most commonly to convert audio recordings to text in qualitative research.

Theme

An abstract entity that brings meaning and identity to a recurrent experience.

Sampling

A process of selecting the sample or a portion of the population.

Population

Consists of all the members of the group about which the researchers want to draw a conclusion.

Sample

A portion or part of the population of interest selected for analysis; subset of the population elements.

Representative Sample

One whose characteristics closely approximate those of the population.

Sampling Interval

A standard distance between elements chosen for the sample.

Systematic Sampling

A process of selecting the kth element in the population until the desired number of samples is attained.