Physics: Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions Key Concepts

What is the formula for linear momentum in physics?

p= m x v

In physics, which of the following quantities does momentum depend on?

both mass and velocity

A car with a mass of 1800 kg is traveling west at 30.5 m/s. What is its momentum?

55,000 kg x m/s W

Why is momentum considered a vector quantity?

because it has both magnitude and direction

Which of the following best describes the direction of an object's momentum?

same as the direction of the objects velocity

If two objects have the same velocity, which object will have a greater momentum?

the object with greater mass

What happens to the momentum of an object if its velocity doubles?

the momentum doubles

A politician's campaign gains momentum. In terms of physics, what could this mean metaphorically?

the campaign is gaining speed and strength

What is the main concept behind impulse in physics?

impulse is the product of force and time

What are the SI base units for impulse?

kg x m/s

If a force is applied over a longer period of time, how does it affect impulse?

increases the impulse

Which experiment can demonstrate the effect of time on force experienced during an impulse?

jumping off stairs with bent knees vs straight legs

How does follow-through in golf benefit the player?

it increases the time forced is applied, increasing ball velocity

How can the force be reduced when catching a fast-moving object like a water balloon?

increasing the time over which the force is applied

Which factors contribute to a watermelon exerting force on a grocery bag when dropped?

force and change in momentum

What happens to the velocity of a golf ball if the force applied is increased while the time of application remains constant?

velocity increases

Why does cradling a water balloon when catching prevent it from popping?

it increases the time over which momentum changes, reducing force applied on the balloon

In a physics experiment, a volleyball and basketball collide. The volleyball is initially traveling west at 2.1 m/s, and after collision, it moves at 2.4 m/s east. What type of collision does this illustrate given that some kinetic energy is converted to other forms?

inelastic collision

In the Law of Conservation of Momentum, when is momentum conserved in a system?

when there is no net external force acting on the system

A male figure skater tosses a female skater forward on the ice. If the male skater slows down while the female one speeds up, what principle is best demonstrated?

concervation of momentum

Two rugby players collide and slide on wet grass. If no external forces are acting on them during the collision, which concept explains their combined momentum before and after the event?

concervation of linear momentum

What is the main factor determining if a collision between two carts on a near-frictionless track is isolated?

absence of external forces

In an elastic collision, which of the following is ALWAYS true?

both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved

In the context of the Law of Conservation of Momentum, how does an explosion differ from a regular collision?

an object breaks into multiple parts, distributing momentum among them

Which of the following scenarios best represents an example of an isolated system according to the Law of Conservation of Momentum?

a curling rock sliding on ice colliding with another rock

Why is it useful to assume frictionless surfaces in physics problems dealing with the conservation of momentum?

to ensure no external forces interfere with momentum calculations

In a figure skating pair, when one skater throws another, how does it affect the velocities of both skaters based on conservation of momentum?

the first skater slows down as the other speeds up

What does the Law of Conservation of Momentum state for elastic collisions in one-dimension?

momentum before collision equals momentum after collision

In the context of elastic collisions in one-dimension, which law allows you to solve for the final velocities of both masses involved?

both concervation of energy and momentum laws

What is a significant characteristic of inelastic collisions compared to elastic collisions as per the content?

energy is not conserved in inelastic collisions

Which equation is useful for solving head-on elastic collisions by indicating direction with positive or negative signs?

conservation of momentum equation without vector notation

What does the expression 'difference of squares' refer to in the context of the Law of Conservation of Energy in elastic collisions?

the form m1(v1f squared- v1i squared) = m2(v2f squared- v2i squared

What happens to the velocities of two identical masses after an elastic collision in one dimension if one is initially stationary?

the moving mass transfers all its velocity to the stationary mass

In the context of special cases of elastic collisions in 1-D, what occurs when a second mass is very large compared to the first mass?

the first mass rebounds with a velocity equal to its initial

When two identical masses undergo an elastic collision and one is stationary, which equation describes the conservation of momentum?

v1 initial= v2 final

If a second mass is initially stationary in an elastic collision, which direction will both objects' final velocities most likely follow?

same direction as the first mass' initial velocity

In a 1-D elastic collision, if two masses m1 and m2 are identical, what is a likely result in terms of their velocities?

the two masses exchange velocities

In a 2-dimensional collision where one object splits into two pieces of equal mass, what can be said about the velocities of the two pieces immediately after the explosion?

the velocities are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

How does the law of conservation of momentum apply in a situation where a stationary firework explodes into multiple pieces?

the total momentum before and after the explosion is the same

In a billiards game, if a cue ball strikes an 8-ball on a frictionless table, resulting in the 8-ball moving at an angle below the original line, what principle explains the motion of the cue ball?

concervation of momentum 2-D

When analyzing a two-dimensional collision, which technique can be used to break down the momentum vectors for easier calculation?

component method

Which type of collision involves two vehicles traveling in opposite directions colliding?

head on collision

In a rear-end collision scenario described, which vehicle is typically faster?

the vehicle striking from behind

Which of the following factors does NOT influence the severity of a collision based on the attached content?

color of vehicles

What is one of the methods to determine which car was traveling faster in the inelastic collision described?

by analyzing the final direction of travel

Considering the same mass and speed factors, which collision is considered most dangerous based on initial thoughts?

head on collision when speeds are high

What is the momentum of an object with a mass of 5 kg moving at a velocity of 3 m/s?

15 kg x m/s

Why is follow-through important in sports like tennis and golf?

it allows force to be applied over a longer time, increasing momentum

Which sport is NOT typically associated with momentum?

chess

What defines an 'explosion' in terms of physics concepts?

an object or groups of objects breaking into multiple parts