Rome

Geographic features of Rome

Rome’s location encompassed hills for protection, a river for freshwater, and positioned inland to safeguard against pirates.

Punic Wars

Three wars fought between Rome and Carthage for control over major trading posts in the Mediterranean.

Gravitas

A deep-rooted sense of seriousness and duty in the Roman Republic.

Patricians

Wealthy and powerful class in early Rome, tracing lineage back to the founding fathers.

Plebeians

The working and middle class in early Rome, representing the majority with limited political rights.

Twelve Tables

The first written set of laws in Rome, which established rights such as trial by judge and limited voting rights.

The Roman Confederation

A system that allowed certain groups to obtain full Roman citizenship, facilitating social mobility.

Scipio Africanus

A Roman general who defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama, ending the Second Punic War.

Cato

A conservative politician who advocated for the destruction of Carthage.

Latifundia

Large estates owned by wealthy landowners in Rome that relied heavily on slave labor.

Proletariat

The poor, landless class that emerged from the economic destruction of the Punic Wars.

First Triumvirate

A political alliance of three powerful men in the Roman Republic: Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey.

Augustus

The title given to Octavian, the first emperor of Rome, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.

Pax Romana

A period of peace and stability across the Roman Empire lasting about 200 years.

Bread and Circuses

The practice of providing free food and entertainment to appease the poor citizens of Rome.

Bad Emperor Example: Nero

Known for his tyrannical rule, burning of Rome, and persecution of Christians.

Christianity Spread

Spread through apostles and missionaries despite persecution, gaining acceptance under Emperor Constantine.

Judaism

The religion of the Jewish people, who do not believe Jesus is the Messiah.

Teachings of Jesus

Jesus taught love for God and humanity, claiming to be the son of God and savior.

Paul's Missionary Work

Dedicated missionary who spread Christianity and emphasized Jesus as the savior.