FPA TEXTBOOK

Realism

A theory in international relations emphasizing the anarchic nature of the international system, where states are the primary actors driven by power and security.

National Interest

The goals and aims that a state pursues to ensure its survival and well-being, often defined in terms of power, security, and economic prosperity.

Balance of Power

A condition in which no single state dominates the international system, achieved through alliances and counterbalancing measures.

Security Dilemma

A situation where a state's pursuit of security increases insecurity in others, potentially leading to conflict.

Liberalism

A theory that suggests cooperation among states is possible through international institutions, norms, and economic interdependence.

International Norms

Shared expectations about appropriate state behavior in the international system.

Collective Security

A system where states agree to respond collectively to threats to peace, based on the principle that an attack on one is an attack on all.

Great Powers

States with significant economic and military capabilities that exert substantial influence in international affairs.

Hegemony

A state's leadership and dominance in the international system, accepted by other states.

Polarity

The distribution of power among the leading states in the international system, characterized as unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar.

Power Transition Theory

A theory suggesting that conflict is likely when a rising power challenges a declining power.

Imperial Overstretch

The gap between a state's external commitments and its internal resources, leading to a decline in relative power.

Origins of World War I

Misperceptions, nationalist fervor, and a web of alliances contributing to the outbreak of the conflict following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Origins of World War II

Hitler's aggressive policies and the failure of international systems like the League of Nations that led to the outbreak of World War II.

Westphalian System

The system established in 1648 that introduced the principles of sovereignty and non-interference among states.

Post-Napoleonic Order

The balance of power established during the Congress of Vienna, aimed at maintaining stability in Europe.

Post-World War I Order

Characterized by the Treaty of Versailles and the establishment of the League of Nations, which aimed to prevent future conflicts.

Post-World War II Order

Marking the establishment of the United Nations and Bretton Woods institutions originally focused on international cooperation and economic stability.