BMS 590 Pelvis 2: Genital organs, Perineum - Anal & Urogenital Triangles

Name the organs that participate in development of oocytes and hormone production

Location: laterally, between uterus and lateral pelvic wall

Ovaries

Name the peritoneal fold part of the broad ligament of uterus that suspends ovaries

Mesovarium

Name the peritoneal fold/ligament that contains the ovarian neurovascular bundle

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Name the fibrous cord, connecting ovary to uterine body

Ovarian ligament

What are expulsed into peritoneal cavity at ovulation because the ovaries are suspended in the peritoneal cavity

Oocytes

These structures perform the following functions:

1) conduct oocyte from the periovarian peritoneal cavity to uterus

2) place of fertilization

Location: extend laterally from uterus to ovaries (connect uterine and peritoneal cavities)

Uterine tubes

What are the functions of the Uterine tubes

1) conduct oocyte from the periovarian peritoneal cavity to uterus

2) place of fertilization

What is the name of the mesentery around uterine tubes, part of the broad ligament of uterus?

Mesosalpinx

Name the funnel-shape, distal part (opening) of the Uterine tubes

Infundibulum

List the 3 part of the Infundibulum

Abdominal ostium

Fimbriae

Ovarian fimbria

Name the part of the Infundibulum that is the opening into peritoneal cavity

Abdominal ostium

Name the part of the Infundibulum that are finger-like processes extending over ovaries

Fimbriae

Name the part of the Infundibulum that stretch from the Uterine tubes to connect to the superior pole of the ovary

Ovarian fimbria

Name the widest and longest part of the Uterine tube where fertilization takes place

Ampulla

Where does fertilization commonly take place?

Ampulla of Uterine tubes

Name the part of the Uterine tube that enters/connects to the uterine horns

Isthmus of Uterine tubes

Name the part of the Uterine tube that passes through uterine walls and opens in uterine cavity

Uterine part

Name the part of the Uterine tube that is the opening into the uterine cavity

Uterine ostium

Hollow muscular organ with thick walls (7.5cm long, 5cm wide, ~ 90 g)

Uterus

List the 4 main parts of the Uterus

Body

Cervix

Uterine Cavity

Uterine Horns

This part of the Uterus forms the superior 2/3rd

Body of Uterus

Name the relatively constricted part of uterus that separates the body and cervix

Isthmus of Uterus

Name the inferior part of the Uterus that projects into vagina

Cervix

Name the junction of the cervical canal with uterine body

Internal os

Name the part of the uterus between the internal and external os, superior portion of birth canal

Cervical canal

Name of the opening of cervical canal into vagina

External os

This space in the uterus spans from fundus to external os (6cm)

Uterine cavity

Name the structures near the superolateral regions of the uterine cavity that receives the uterine tubes

Uterine horns

List the walls/layers of the Uterus

Perimetrium

Myometrium

Endometrium

Name the most superficial wall of the uterus that is characterized by a serous coat

Perimetrium of Uterus

Name the wall of the uterus characterized by smooth muscle. Contains vessels and nerves of uterus

Myometrium of Uterus

Name the most deep wall of the uterus that is characterized by an inner mucous coat. Involved in menstrual cycles (shed during menstruation), and embryo implantation

Endometrium of Uterus

Which wall/layer of the Uterus is involved in menstrual cycles (shed during menstruation) and embryo implantation

Endometrium of Uterus

The Inferior 1/5th of the Vagina is somatic sensory and is innervated by which nerve?

Deep Perineal nerve

The inferior 1/5th of the vagina is innervated by what nerve and is what type of nerve?

Deep Perineal nerve

The deep perineal nerve innervared what part of the vagina?

The somatic sensory part which is the inferior 1/5 part.

The Deep Perineal nerve is a branch of which nerve?

Pudendal nerve (sensitive to touch and temperature)

The Superior 4/5th of the Uterus is innervated by which plexus?

Uterovaginal nerve plexus

The Uterovaginal nerve plexus is derived from which plexus?

Inferior Hypogastric plexus (visceral, SP, and PSP fibers)

The Visceral afferent fibers (pain) of the Superior Uterus/Vagina include which structures?

Fundus and Body of uterus

The Fundus and Body of uterus are innvervated by which spinal nerves and can be numbed via a _________ block?

T12- L2

Numb this area via a Spinal block

Which type of nerve fibers are important for anesthesia during childbirth?

Visceral afferent fibers (pain)

The Visceral afferent fibers (pain) of the Inferior Uterus/Vagina include which structures?

Cervix of uterus and vagina

The Cervix of the uterus and vagina are innervated by which spinal nerves and can be numbed via a ________ __________ block.

S2 - S4

Caudal epidural block

During childbirth, to numb only the lower part of the Vagina and vaginal canal a physician would place a _________ block.

Pudendal nerve block

Name the rounded, fatty eminence anterior to pubic symphysis

Amount of fat increases at puberty and decreases after menopause

Covered with hairs after puberty

Mons pubis

Name the folds of skin that protect the clitoris, and urethral and vaginal orifices

Location: on the sides of the of the pudendal cleft

Labia majora

Name the depression in the center of the labia majora that contains the labia minora and vestibule

Pudendal cleft

Name the anterior junction of the labia majora

Anterior commissure

Name the posterior junction of the labia majora, forming the posterior limit

Posterior commissure

Name the round folds of fat-free, hairless skin

Location: enclosed in the pudendal cleft, and surround and close over the vaginal vestibule

Labia minora

Name the structure formed anteriorly by the union of medial laminae of the labia minora

Frenulum of clitoris

Name the structure formed anteriorly by the union of the lateral laminae of the labia minora

Prepuce of clitoris

Known as the female erectile organ

Location: union of labia minora anteriorly. It has crura

Comprised of: root, body, and glans, with 2 crura and 2 corpora cavernosa

Densely supplied with sensory endings

Clitoris

Name the cleft between labia minora

Receives the orifices of the urethra and vagina, and the ducts of the greater and lesser vestibular glands

Vestibule

Name the annular fold of mucus membrane, occluding vaginal orifice

Hymen

Name the paired masses of erectile tissue in females

Location: lie along the sides of the vaginal orifice, deep to (but not within) the labia minora

Homologous with the bulb of the penis

Bulbs of vestibule

Name the 2 Vestibular glands

__________ opens on each side of vaginal orifice. Secretes mucus in vestibule

___________ open between vaginal and urethral orifices. Secretes mucus

Greater Vestibular gland

Lesser Vestibular gland

Male reproductive glands, produce sperms and hormones

Suspended in the scrotum by the spermatic cords (L. typically more inferior than R.)

Testis

Name the part of the Testis that is a closed peritoneal sac that covers scrotum surface, except where it attaches the epididymis and spermatic cord

Tunica vaginalis

Name the tough fibrous outer surface of testis

Tunica albuginea

Name the thickened ridge of the tunica albuginea in the posterior aspect of the testes that generates fibrous septa

Mediastinum of the testis

Name the structure that is formed between septa originating from the mediastinum of the testis and contains the seminiferous tubules

Lobules

Name the long and highly coiled structures that produce sperm

Seminiferous tubules

Name the structures that join the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis

Straight tubules

Name the network of canals in the mediastinum of the testis

Rete testis

Name the elongated structure on posterior surface of testis.

Function: stores and mature sperm

Epididymis

List the 3 parts of the Epididymis

Head: coiled end of efferent ductules

Body: convoluted ducts of epididymis

Tail: continuous with ductus deferens

These vessels arise from the abdominal aorta, inferior to renal arteries and supply the testicles

Testicular arteries

Name the network of 8 - 12 veins that surround the testicular artery and is located anterior to the ductus deferens.

Pampiniform venous plexus

Name the plexus that contributes to the thermoregulation of the testis (together with the dartos and cremasteric muscles).

Pampiniform venous plexus

The _______________ venous plexus converges superiorly to form the ___________ veins, which enter the IVC (R) and left renal v. (L)

Pampiniform venous plexus

Testicular veins

Name the structures that are a continuation of the duct of the epididymis

Ductus deferens

Name the structures that transports sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory ducts in urethra

Ductus deferens

These structures end at the seminal gland, where joins seminal duct to form the ejaculatory duct

Ductus deferens

Name the elongated structure between the fundus of the bladder and rectum, superior to prostate

Seminal glands

These structure secretes a thick fluid (energy supply to sperms) that mixes with sperm on their way to the ejaculatory ducts

Seminal glands

True or False: The Seminal glands store sperms

False: DOES NOT store sperms

Name the slender tubes that arise near neck of bladder by the union of seminal ducts and ductus deferens, and end in seminal colliculus of prostatic urethra

Ejaculatory ducts

Name the largest accessory gland of the male reproductive system

Prostate

Name the structure that secretes milky fluid (~ 20% of semen) that contributes to the transport of semen and activation of sperms

Prostate

Name the structure that surrounds the prostatic urethra and inferior to the bladder and seminal glands

Prostate

The Prostate is composed of ____________ (2/3rd) and _______________ (1/3rd) tissue

glandular

fibromuscular

List the zones of the Prostate

Peripheral

Central

Transition

Anterior fibromuscular

Which zone of the prostate is the posterior portion surrounding the distal urethra [(70 - 80% of prostatic cancer (PC)]?

Peripheral zone

Which zone of the prostate surrounds the ejaculatory ducts (2.5% PC, but more aggressive and could spread to the seminal glands)?

Central zone

Which zone of the Prostate surrounds the proximal urethra and grows throughout life (10 - 20% PC, benign prostatic enlargement)?

Transition zone

Which zone of the Prostate is devoid of glandular tissue?

Anterior fibromuscular zone

These structures open into the prostatic sinuses on both sides of seminal colliculus

Prostatic ducts

Name the glands that lie posterolateral to intermediate part of urethra and partially contained within the external urethral sphincter

Bulbourethral glands

Name the ducts that pass through perineal membrane and open in proximal spongy urethra

Bulbourethral ducts

What is the function of the Bulbourethral glands?

Secretes mucus-like substance during sexual arousal

Innervation

The Ductus deferens, seminal glands, ejaculatory ducts, and prostate are sympathetically innervated by which nerves?

SP: (T12 - L3)

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve

Hypogastric and pelvic plexuses

Contraction of internal urethral sphincter, Peristaltic-like contractions of ductus deferens, and Contraction and secretion of glands and prostate of the The Ductus deferens, seminal glands, ejaculatory ducts, and prostate is controlled by which nerves?

SP: (T12 - L3)

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve

Hypogastric and pelvic plexuses

The Ductus deferens, seminal glands, ejaculatory ducts, and prostate are sympathetically innervated by which nerves?

abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve

hypogastric and pelvic plexuses

Sympathetic innervation of the Ductus deferens, seminal glands, ejaculatory ducts, and prostate controls what (movement/functions) in the

Contraction of internal urethral sphincter

Peristaltic-like contractions of ductus deferens

Contraction and secretion of glands and prostate

The Ductus deferens, seminal glands, ejaculatory ducts, and prostate are parasympathetically innervated by which nerves?

PSP: (S2 - S3)

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

Hypogastric and pelvic plexuses

Parasympathetic innervation of the Ductus deferens, seminal glands, ejaculatory ducts, and prostate performes which functions?

Penile erection

Penile erection is parasympathetically controlled by which nerves?

PSP: (S2 - S3) pelvic splanchnic n.

hypogastric and pelvic plexuses

Name the shallow compartment inferior to pelvic diaphragm

Perineum