bsc- kingdom eubacteria

• Prokaryotic

• Unicellular

• Peptidoglycan Cell Wall

• Decomposers

• Nitrogen Fixation

• Asexual reproduction through binary fission

• Single circular DNA molecule in the cytoplasm

• Found in nearly every environment on Earth (soil, water, air, in other organisms)

Key features of Kingdom Eubacteria (overview)

Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, or both?

Unicellular, multicellular or both?

What is their cell wall made of?

How do they reproduce?

How do they get their energy?

Shape of DNA?

Envoirnment?

Other Special characteristics? (1)

• Cell Membrane- controls movement of substances in and out

• Cell Wall- for shape and protection

• Capsule (in some)- Extra protective layer that helps evade immune systems

• Flagella- For movement

• Pili- Hair-like structures used for attachment and genetic exchange

• Ribosomes- Site of protein synthesis (smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes)

Structure of Kingdom Eubacteria

Both

Are eubacteria heterotrophs or autotrophs?

• Photosynthetic

• Chemosynthetic

What are the autotrophs of Kingdom Eubacteria?

Chemosynthetic

use inorganic chemicals to produce food

• Saprophytic

• Parasitic

• Mutualistic

What are the heterotrophs of Kingdom Eubacteria? (3)

Based on shape AND/OR gram stain; Coccus, Bacillus, Spirillum

How are eubacteria classified? What are the groups?

Coccus

group of eubacteria classified by spherical shape

Bacillus

group of eubacteria classified by rod-shaped shape

Spirillum

group of eubacteria classified by spiral shape

Gram Stain

A staining technique for the identification of bacteria, in which a violet dye is applied, followed by a decolorizing agent and then a red dye; the bacteria can be classified as gram-positive or gram-negative

Gram-positive

Thick peptidoglycan wall (stain shows as purple)

Gram-negative

Thin wall with outer membrane (stain shows as pink)

• Decomposers

• Nitrogen Fixation

• Pathogens

• Symbionts

• Biotechnology- Used in genetic engineering, fermentation, and bioremediation

Ecological Roles of Eubacteria (5)

Decomposers

Break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients

Nitrogen Fixation

Convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for plants

Pathogens

 Cause disease in humans, animals, plants

Symbionts

Live in mutualistic relationships (e.g. gut bacteria)

• Photosynthetic

• Nitrogen-fixing

• Pathogenic

• Decomposer

Examples of Eubacteria

Cyanobacteria

produces oxygen; example of photosynthetic eubacteria

Rhizobium

helps with soil fertility; example of nitrogen-fixing eubacteria

Streptococcus

responsible for step throat; example of parthenogenetic eubacteria

Bacillus subtilis

breaks down organic matter; example of decomposer eubacteria