Lecture 5 Psych

Neuron

Cells specialized for communication in the nervous system.

Synapse

Fluid-filled space between neurons, also known as synaptic cleft.

Electrical Properties of Neurons

Neurons maintain a negative internal charge at rest and allow ions to flow in and out when activated.

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that facilitate communication between neurons.

Dopamine (DA)

A neurotransmitter associated with reward, pleasure, learning, and movement.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter influencing mood, attention, memory, and sleep.

GABA

An inhibitory neurotransmitter that regulates neuronal activity and is involved in anxiety.

Glutamate

An excitatory neurotransmitter important for learning, memory, and mood.

Endorphins

Neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and induce feelings of euphoria.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Nerves that lie outside the central nervous system.

Somatic Nervous System

Part of the PNS that controls voluntary muscles and sensory receptors.

Autonomic Nervous System

Part of the PNS that controls involuntary bodily functions.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body's resources for action.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system that conserves energy and restores the body to a resting state.