Unique buzzwords of parasitology

How to preserve fresh specimens?

PVA and formalin

Duodenum infections?

Giardia and Strongyloides

Cellophane tape prep?

Enterobius vermicularis

Blood parasites?

Plasmodium, babesia, leishmania, toxoplasma, trypanosoma, microfilariae

Respiratory parasites?

Paragonimus

Trophozoite with small central karyosome and fine chromatin, may have some RBC ingestions

Cyst has 4 nuclei with a rounded bar of chromatin

E. histolytica/dispar (nonpatho)

Trophozoite has large eccentric karyosome with clumped chromatin along the membrane

Cyst has 8 nuclei, frayed end chromatin bars

NONPATHOGENIC

E. coli

Trophozoite has a small central karyosome with fine chromatin, but is small and NO RBCs

Cyst has up to 4 nuclei and round chromatin bars

E. hartmanni

Trophozoite with single nucleus, no chromatin present

Cyst with 4 nuclei and karyosomes

NONPATHOGEN

E. nana

Trophozoite has a large karyosome

Cyst has a large vacuole that stains with iodine, also large “blot-like” karyosome

I. butschlii

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis?

N. fowleri

Contact lens solution amoeba?

Acanthamoeba

Granulomatous amebic encephalitis amoeba?

Balamuthia mandrillaris

Kite shaped trophozoite? Falling leaf motility? Duodenal aspirate specimen?

Giardia duodenalis

Fractured karyosome? Binucleated (hint for the name of this amoeba)?

Dientamoeba fragilis

Pear shaped trophozoite? Jerky motility? Two flagella poking out and wiggle? STI?

T. vaginalis

Leishmania vector?

Sandfly

Oral and nasal infections with lesions? Blood parasite with sandfly vector?

L. brasiliensis

Kala azar? Blood parasite with sandfly vector?

L. donovani

Trypanosoma cruzi vector?

Kissing bug/reduviid

Chagas disease? C-shaped trypomastigotes?

T. cruzi

West African sleeping sickness?

T. brucei gambiense

East African sleeping sickness?

T. brucei rhodiense

Trypanosoma brucei vector?

tsetse fly

Two big large nuclei usually connected together in both trophozoite and cyst? Self limiting diarrhea?

B. coli

4-6 um oocysts that can have sporozoites present inside? Watery diarrhea coccidia?

C. parvum or C. hominis

The current outbreak with fruits and vegetables?

C. cayetenansis

Huge elliptical shaped oocyst? Watery diarrhea?

C. belli

Coccidia in muscle tissue?

Sarcocystis

Cat litter box as a risk to pregnant women? Coccidia? Lymphocytosis?

Toxoplasma gondii

Three microsporidia of significance?

Enterocytozoon bieneusi

Encephalitozoon hellem

Encephalitozoon intestinalis

Microsporidia intestinal and hepatobiliary infection?

bieneusi

Microsporidia ocular infection?

hellem

Microsporidia intestinal and disseminated infections?

intestinalis

Blackwater fever?

P. falciparum

Quartan fever?

P. malariae

Schuffners dots in young RBCS?

P. ovale

12-24 merozoites in young RBCs?

P. vivax

rosette form merozoite in old RBC?

P. malariae

Banana shaped gametocyte? Ringed form, double dots in RBC?

P. falciparum

Maltese cross formation in the RBC?

Babesia

Babesia vector?

Ixodes tick

Almond shaped egg? Anal itching at night?

Enterobius vermicularis

Whipworm? Au gratin dish shaped egg?

Trichuris trichuria

Route of infection = ingest eggs → mucosa → blood → lungs → duodenum

Big ahh worm?

Ascaris lumbricoides

Corticated = ?

fertilized

Decorticated = ?

Not fertilized

New world hookworm? Cutting plates (more “modern” look - two teeth)

Route of infection = wound/lesion of skin → blood → lungs → small bowel

Necator americanus

Old world hookworm? Cutting teeth (4 teeth pointy)

Route of infection = wound/lesion of skin → blood → lungs → small bowel

Anclyostoma duodenale

Threadworms?

Route of infection = wound/lesion of skin → blood → lungs → duodenum

Egg looks like that hillary clinton donut meme

Strongyloides stercoralis

Microfilariae transmitted by mosquitoes?

W. bancrofti and B. malayi

Microfilariae transmitted by chrysops fly?

Loa loa

Microfilariae transmitted by black fly?

O. volvulus

Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae look?

sheathed, no nuclei in the tail

Brugia malayi microfilariae look?

sheathed, kind of folded paper look

Loa loa microfilariae look?

sheathed, nuclei in da tail

River blindness? Microfilariae with no sheath and no nuclei in tail? Often sharp bend at the tail?

Onchocerca volvulus

Guinea worm?

Draculunus medinensis

Dog heartworm?

Dirofilaria immitis

Encysted larvae in the muscles? From eating undercooked pork or wild game?

Trichinella spiralis

Trematode = ?

Fluke

Cestode = ?

tapeworm

Nematode = ?

Roundworm

Operculation on one end, knob on the other?

Large egg of intestinal trematode?

Fasciola hepatica

Chronic biliary infections?

Snout-like egg with shouldered operculum and knob?

Clonorchis sinensis

Oriental lung fluke? Big ahh egg? Has shoulders and operculated?

Paragonimus westermanii

Schistosoma species with callout bubble egg?

Mansoni

Schistosoma species with side callout bubble egg?

haematobium

Schistosoma species with small knob spine?

Japonicum

Radial striations of cestode egg?

Taenia

4 suckers of cestode? Less complex looking proglottid with uterine branches?

Beef tapeworm (saginata)

4 suckers and hooks of cestode? More complex proglottid with uterine branches?

Pork tapeworm (Taenia solinum)

Fish tapeworm?

Diphyllobothrium latum

Only operculated tapeworm egg?

Diphyllobothrium latum

D. latum proglottid shape?

Rosettes

H. nana tapeworm egg?

double walled with polar filaments

Hyatid cyst disease? Looks like a long ant with all its legs cut off?

Echinococcus

Two parasites capable of spreading from person to person?

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) and H. nana (dwarf tapeworm)