TOP- Reviewer (Midterms)

A) theatrical mask

The word personality comes from "persona," which originally meant.

A) theatrical mask.

B) soul.

C) the animal side of human nature.

D) that which one truly is.

A) personality is best explained by a variety of theories.

Psychologists are most likely to agree that

A) personality is best explained by a variety of theories.

B) personality refers mostly to surface appearance.

C) there is a single best definition of personality.

D) genetics account for nearly all differences among people.

A) personality.

A pattern of relatively permanent traits, dispositions, or characteristics that give some consistency to a person's behavior is called

A) personality.

B) a general trait.

C) a specific trait.

D) a genetic predisposition.

B) Theories generate hypotheses that lead to observations that may alter the original theory.

What is the relationship among theory, hypothesis, and observation?

A) Observations are practical tools; theories and hypotheses are impractical.

B) Theories generate hypotheses that lead to observations that may alter the original theory.

C) Hypotheses generate theories, which then result in observations.

D) Observations generate hypotheses, which in turn generate theories.

Which of the following is not a common trait among theorists?

A) Normal childhood

B) Being highly creative

C) Superior intelligence

D) Outstanding literary skills

B) Both science and the behavior of the theorist.

The Psychology of Science studies:

A) Science only.

B) Both science and the behavior of the theorist.

C) Behavior of the theorist only.

D) The zeitgeist when the theory was conceived.

A) Investigating Freud’s biography

Which of the following is indicative of Psychology of Science?

A) Investigating Freud’s biography

B) Examining their methods of investigation

C) Evaluating their psychotherapy techniques

D) None of these.

B) Humanistic

Which of the following theories focus on understanding the human person?

A) Freudian

B) Humanistic

C) Behaviorism

D) Dispositional theories

A) Years

According to the psychodynamic theories, the first 5 ___ of life mostly shape the personality

A) Years

B) Months

C) Days

D) Weeks

A) Biological-Evolutionary theories

They emphasize that what we think, feel, and do is always an interaction

A) Biological-Evolutionary theories

B) Dispositional Theories

C) Humanistic-Existential theories

D) Psychodynamic theories

B) Hypothesis

It is an educated guess

A) Taxonomy

B) Hypothesis

C) Hunch

D) Speculation

D) sex and aggression.

The twin cornerstones of psychoanalytic motivation are

A) sex and security.

B) safety and security.

C) hunger and sex.

D) sex and aggression.

A) Jean-Martin Charcot

Freud learned the hypnotic technique for treating hysteria with ___

A) Jean-Martin Charcot

B) Josef Bruer

C) Wilhelm Fleiss

D) Carl Jung

A) win fame by making a great discovery.

As a youth and young man, Freud was strongly motivated to

A) win fame by making a great discovery.

B) overtake his older brother Julius.

C) practice medicine on the poor people of Vienna.

D) become a rabbi and move to New York.

B) Interpretation of Dreams

It is considered as Freud’s greatest work

A) On Dreams

B) Interpretation of Dreams

C) Psychopathology of Everyday Life

D) Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality

A) pleasure

The id serves the ____________ principle.

A) pleasure

B) reality

C) moralistic

D) idealistic

A) id and superego

Which regions of the mind have no direct contact with the external world?

A) id and superego

B) id and ego

C) id only

D) ego and superego

A) Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious

Which regions of the mind have no direct contact with the external world?

A) Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious

B) Conscious, Collective Unconscious, Unconscious

C) Id, Ego, Superego

D) Conscious, post-conscious, unconscious

C) sadism

Which of these is a manifestation of both sex and aggression?

A) anxiety

B) narcissism

C) sadism

D) love

B) erogenous zones.

Freud called the mouth, anus, and genitals

A) Oedipal strivings.

B) erogenous zones.

C) the aim of the sexual instinct.

D) the aim of the aggressive instinct.

A) rider and horse

What analogy did Freud use to illustrate the relationship between the ego and the id?

A) rider and horse

B) groom and bride

C) chicken and egg

D) hammer and anvil

B) Moral

The guilt a person experiences after violating personal standards of conduct is called ___ anxiety

A) Realistic

B) Moral

C) Neurotic

D) None of these

B) reaction formation

With this defense mechanism, a repressed desire finds an opposite and exaggerated expression.

A) fixation

B) reaction formation

C) sublimation

D) undoing

E) isolation

D) any of the above.

After a drive or image has been repressed, it

A) may remain unchanged in the unconscious.

B) could force its way into consciousness in an unchanged form.

C) could be expressed in a disguised or distorted form.

D) any of the above.

A) Sublimation.

It is considered as a mature defense mechanism

A) Sublimation.

B) Projection.

C) Reaction formation.

D) Fixation.

B) optimistic.

Individual psychology can be considered to be

A) deterministic.

B) optimistic.

C) pessimistic.

D) neoFreudian.

E) both b and d.

A) the striving for success or superiority.

Adler, the one dynamic force behind a person's activity is

A) the striving for success or superiority.

B) organ inferiorities.

C) organ dialect.

D) feelings of superiority.

B) a creation of the creative power.

According to Adler, a person's final goal is

A) set at about age 18.

B) a creation of the creative power.

C) largely known to the person.

D) shaped by heredity and environment.

A) subjective perceptions.

Adler insisted that personality is shaped by

A) subjective perceptions.

B) birth-order.

C) early childhood experiences.

D) organ inferiorities.

A) Hated the US; liked the US

Freud: __; Adler: __

A) Hated the US; liked the US

B) Liked the US; hated the US

C) Liked Denmark; hated Denmark

D) Hated Denmark; liked Denmark

D) None of these

Early in his career, Adler believed that ___ was the dynamic power behind all

A) Sex

B) Aggression

C) Masculine Protest

D) None of these

A) Fictional

The final goals is ___ and has no objective existence

A) Fictional

B) Spiritual

C) Real

D) Internal

B) Blessed

Adler believed that all humans are ___ at birth with small, weak, and inferior bodies

A) Cursed

B) Blessed

C) Gifted

D) None of these

A) social feeling

A better translation for Gemeinshaftsgefühl might be

A) social feeling

B) social interest

C) social caring

D) social distancing

B) living in their own private world

Which of the following does not belong?

A) setting their goals too lows

B) living in their own private world

C) has a flexible style of life

D) being concerned with other people

B) Excuses

This is the most common safeguarding tendency

A) Agression

B) Excuses

C) Accusation

D) Withdrawal

D) completion.

Adler held that people are continually pushed by the need to overcome inferiority feelings and pulled by the desire for

A) love.

B) social interest.

C) unity with all humanity.

D) completion.

D) stimulate feelings of inferiority.

Alder believed that organ inferiorities

A) cause superiority personalities.

B) cause inferiority personalities.

C) bestow meaning and purpose on all behavior.

D) stimulate feelings of inferiority.

D) components of the collective unconscious.

Archetypes are

A) basic values acquired during childhood.

B) images embedded in the personal unconscious.

C) culturally acquired complexes.

D) components of the collective unconscious.

B) Sensing

The function that tells people that something exists

A) Thinking

B) Sensing

C) Feeling

D) Intuition

C) Feeling

The function that tells people that something exists

A) Thinking

B) Sensing

C) Feeling

D) Intuition

A) realize the shadow.

According to Jung, a person's first test of courage is to

A) realize the shadow.

B) actualize the animus.

C) recognize the hero.

D) acquire self-realization.

A) Balance

If there was a word that could encapsulate Jung’s theory it would be:

A) Balance

B) Spirituality

C) Transcience

D) Ancient

B) Self

It is the most comprehensive of all archetypes

A) Personal

B) Self

C) Animus

D) Anima

B) complexes.

The contents of the personal unconscious are called

A) archetypes.

B) complexes.

C) phylogenetic endowment.

D) shadows.

E) myths.

A) the ego.

In analytical psychology, the center of consciousness is

A) the ego.

B) the self.

C) individuation.

D) the shadow.

E) the persona.

A) Regression

This activates the unconscious psyche

A) Regression

B) Progression

C) Teleology

D) Causality

E) the persona.

B) Middle age

Carl Jung put emphasis on this age period

A) Adolescence

B) Middle age

C) Childhood

D) Old age

D) Old age

This stage is time for psychological rebirth according to Jung

A) Adolescence

B) Middle age

C) Childhood

D) Old age

C) Word Association Test

Carl Jung employed this method to uncover an individual’s complexes

A) Dream analysis

B) Active imagination

C) Word Association Test

D) Psychotherapy

B) anima.

Irrational moods in men are represented by the

A) animus.

B) anima.

C) mandala.

D) shadow.

A) both causal and teleological.

If Freud's theory is basically causal and Adler's is essentially teleological, then Jung's theory is

A) both causal and teleological.

B) neither causal nor teleological.

C) causal.

D) teleological.

C) Freud.

Jung's mid-life crisis followed soon after the break in his friendship with

A) Adler.

B) Erikson.

C) Freud.

D) Goethe.

A) great mother.

The archetype of nourishment and destruction is the

A) great mother.

B) shadow.

C) wise old man.

D) hero.

B) a witch.

The great mother archetype is most likely to be symbolized by

A) a house.

B) a witch.

C) a lawyer.

D) d. a baby.

B) the mandala

The self is usually represented by this symbol.

A) the hero

B) the mandala

C) the star

D) the ego

b. Conservative principle

"Suyou, highschool has been over for eighteen years. We are adults now. You are not the prom king anymore, nor are you the team ball captain. You're not him anymore, bro." Lukas sighed. Suyou has:

a. Pleasure principle

b. Conservative principle

c. Progressive principle

d. Past-positive principle

A) the mother's breast.

Klein suggested that the infant's first model for interpersonal relations was

A) the mother's breast.

B) the father’s penis

C) the father’s breast

D) the monther’s vagina

E) her son Erich.

One person psychoanalyzed by Melanie Klein was

A) Erik Erikson.

B) Erich Fromm.

C) Anna Freud.

D) Little Hans.

E) her son Erich.

B) places more emphasis on interpersonal relations.

Compared with Freudian theory, object relations theory

A) places more emphasis on sexual pleasure.

B) places more emphasis on interpersonal relations.

C) stresses the importance of the father.

D) emphasizes the id.

C) the death instinct.

Like Freud, Klein believed that people are motivated by

A) the need for self-actualization.

B) the need for homeostasis.

C) the death instinct.

D) separation anxiety.

C) the paranoid-schizoid position.

In order to control the good breast and to fight off its persecutors, infants use

A) their superego.

B) their id.

C) the paranoid-schizoid position.

D) the depressive position.

C) protect the ego against anxiety aroused by destructive fantasies.

Klein's psychic defense mechanisms

A) protect the child against public disgrace.

B) defend the ego and superego against the id.

C) protect the ego against anxiety aroused by destructive fantasies.

D) prevent unconscious fantasies from reaching consciousness.

A) Introject

Infants ___, or take external objects into their psychic structure

A) Introject

B) Project

C) Split

D) Identify

A) Heinz Kohut

Which of the following theorists believe that infants are naturally narcissistic?

A) Heinz Kohut

B) Leta Hollingworth

C) Melanie Klein

D) John Bowlby

b. Phase 3

Baby Kalea would cry whenever she gets separated from her mommy Kadita. Even when Kadita is only going to the kitchen to prepare Kalea's baby food, Kalea would still cry for her mother. Badang, Kadita's butler, would try to help his mistress take care of her child but Kalea would squirm and cry whenever he holds her. According to Bowlby, Kalea is in what stage of his attachment theory?

a. Phase 1

b. Phase 3

c. Phase 2

d. Phase 4

C) the object.

The person or part of a person that satisfies the aim of an instinct is called

A) the impetus.

B) the source.

C) the object.

D) the unconscious motivator.

b. 5-6 months

The Depressive position usually occurs around:

a. 3-4 months

b. 5-6 months

c. 7-8 months

d. 1-2 months

D) the paranoid-schizoid and the depressive.

Klein's two basic psychological positions are

A) the ideal and the real.

B) the mature and the immature.

C) the ego and the superego.

D) the paranoid-schizoid and the depressive.

E) introjection and projection.

B) the depressive position.

Klein believed that feelings of anxiety about losing a loved object and a sense of guilt for desiring to destroy that object were part of

A) the paranoid-schizoid position.

B) the depressive position.

C) moralistic anxiety.

D) idealistic anxiety.

E) splitting

Infants use this means of controlling good and bad aspects of themselves.

A) the paranoid-schizophrenic position

B) the depressive position

C) projection

D) sublimation

E) splitting

a. "I need someone who's emotionally strong to tell my problems to."

Which of these statements most accurately reflects one of Homey's neurotic needs?

a. "I need someone who's emotionally strong to tell my problems to."

b. "It's okay with me if someone else is the center of attention."

c. "I feel comfortable whenever I'm in an emotionally close relationship."

d. "It's easy for me to accept my own mistakes and personal flaws."

A) concept of feminine psychology.

Horney criticized psychoanalysis for its

A) concept of feminine psychology.

B) overemphasis on clinical research.

C) underemphasis on clinical research.

D) concept of the three levels of mental life.

C) isolation.

Horney believed that a competitive and hostile society encourages

A) hatred.

B) love.

C) isolation.

D) superiority and success.

B) Karen Horney

Which of the following theorist would say:" “Love is too overrated nowadays.”

A) Melanie Klein

B) Karen Horney

C) Erik Erikson

D) John Bowlby

B) seek love in a self-defeating fashion.

According to Horney, most neurotics,

A) are no longer motivated to find love.

B) seek love in a self-defeating fashion.

C) experience decreases in hostility.

D) develop enhanced self-esteem through their search for love.

b. Prestige

Hanzo would always defeat the other students in the dojo in a humiliating fashion. When asked about it, he answered that it is better for him to humiliate them first before they get the chance to humiliate him. According to Horney, he is exhibiting:

a. Power

b. Prestige

c. Possession

d. Aggression

a. The neurotic need for power

Which of the following does not belong?

a. The neurotic need for power

b. The neurotic need for affection and approval

c. The neurotic need for a powerful partner

d. The neurotic need to restrict one’s life within narrow borders

b. Moving away from people

Balmond is known as the community boyfriend. He would have different girlfriends every week. He always said that no one can tie him down. According to Homey, which neurotic trend is he exhibiting

a. Moving towards people

b. Moving away from people

c. Moving against people

d. Moving with people

a. Elusiveness

"You never decide on something, Harley. That's your problem, you never take risks so you won't fail. That's why even though you're thirty years old, you still live with me," Lesley said to her younger brother. Harley is exhibiting:

a. Elusiveness

b. Cynicism

c. Externalization

d. Arbitrary rightness

b. Cynicism

"You didn't believe Tala's confession.of lave, didn't you?" Sunwoo asked Hazal. "I have long refused to believe in anone tellina me thev love and care for me. It always ended up in hurt," Hazal said. Hazal is exhibiting:

a. Elusiveness

b. Cynicism

c. Externalization

d. Arbitrary rightness

D) competitive.

Horney believed that modern society is too

A) liberal.

B) conservative.

C) dangerous.

D) competitive.

B) toward others.

Each neurotic trend has a normal healthy analogue. Friendly people have successfully solved the trend of moving

A) against others.

B) toward others.

C) with others.

D) away from others.

A) unhealthy interpersonal relations.

Horney believed that most neuroses are the result of

A) unhealthy interpersonal relations.

B) an unresolved Oedipus complex.

C) unwise parenting.

D) underdeveloped ego strength.

B) placed more emphasis on the ego.

In contrast to Freud, Erikson

A) placed more emphasis on unconscious motivation.

B) placed more emphasis on the ego.

C) de-emphasized social and historical influences on personality.

D) none of the above.

C) ego identity

According to Erikson, which of these is the most important aspect of the ego?

A) self-conscious ego

B) perceived ego

C) ego identity

D) realistic ego

D) pseudospecies.

Some societies hold that they are special and somehow more important than other societies. Erikson referred to this belief as

A) an ethnocentric imperative.

B) a Napoleonic complex.

C) a narcissistic illusion.

D) pseudospecies.

C) the ego develops in a sequence, with each stage emerging from and being built on a previous stage.

The epigenetic principle states that

A) some societies believe themselves to be special.

B) the ego develops from the dying id.

C) the ego develops in a sequence, with each stage emerging from and being built on a previous stage.

D) central to individual development are those traits and tendencies inherited from our ancestral past.

a. Ego identity

Lunox is the perfect wife to Selena, she is also the caring teacher at Monyan dergarten. She is a loving daughter to her step father, Belerick. This is an example of:

a. Ego identity

b. Body ego

c. Ego ideal

d. Syntonic ego

b. Body ego

This is a way of seeing our physical self as different from other people a.

a. Ego identity

b. Body ego

c. Ego ideal

d. Syntonic ego

b. Maladaptive tendency

This is what happens when the syntonic force overwhelms the dystonic force.

a. Basic strength

b. Maladaptive tendency

c. Imbalanced development

d. Malignant tendency

b. Infancy

Nana would stare at things for long periods of time, clearly trying to incorporate the things that surround her. She would also hold things that seem novel to her, and would always be fed by her mother. She would also put things inside her mouth. What stage is Nana in?

a. Play Age

b. Infancy

c. Early Childhood

d. School Age

c. Family

In the Play Age stage what is the child's relevant relationship?

a. Parents

b. Grandparents

c. Family

d. Siblings

c. Narrow Virtuosity

Joy's parents were exhilarated when they realized that their daughter is a great singer. They would sign Joy to different vocal camps to improve her singing skills more. Joy also grew up thinking that the only thing that is important is her singing. She had neglected her academics and other hobbies. This is an example of:

a. Inertia

b. Inhibition

c. Narrow Virtuosity

d. Ruthlessness

B) is weak and flexible.

During childhood, Erikson said, the ego

A) develops from the superego.

B) is weak and flexible.

C) is dormant.

D) does not exist.

c. Denmark

Throughout his adult life, Erik Erikson identified with ___, a nation where he lived for only a few months of his life.

a. Germany

b. US

c. Denmark

d. Switzerland

A) elevating social factors over biological ones.

Erikson built on Freud's theory by

A) elevating social factors over biological ones.

B) emphasizing the id as the key to personality development.

C) accepting Jung's idea of a collective unconscious.

D) None of the above.

B) purpose

The basic strength of the play age is

A) fidelity

B) purpose

C) care

D) autonomy

E) playfulness

B) play age

The genital-locomotor psychosexual mode marks which stage?

A) infancy

B) play age

C) adolescence

D) young adulthood

E) early childhood

D) old age

Generalized sensuality characterizes the psychosexual stage of

A) adolescence

B) young adulthood

C) adulthood

D) old age