AP Lang flashcards #2

concede

to admit something is true after denying it at first, usually done unwillingly and in the context of competition. 

In rhetoric it means to validate a point: appeals to ethos and logos

refutation

refers to the act of presenting arguments or evidence based on claims made by an opponent to disprove them

persona

the face or characteristics that one individual presented to the world which can be a distinct voice in a literary work or an act for a celebrity or business. Greek for mask.

ad hominem

a fallacy that involves dismissing an argument by attacking the person making it, rather than its merits.

warrant

Explains how evidence supports the claim.

paradox

a seemingly absurd statement that often contradicts oneself that when investigated or explained may prove to be true. (teapot)

antithesis

refers to a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.

It’s used to create emphasis, highlight a stark difference, or add a rhythmic quality to writing and speech.

analogy

compares two things for the purpose of explaining something. they simplify complex concepts by comparing them to something more familiar.

figures of speech

a literary device that departs from the literal meaning of words to convey a deeper meaning. They can be broken down into tropes and schemes. 

Examples of figures of speech tropes: metaphors, irony, hyperbole.

Examples of figures of speech schemes: alliteration, antithesis

trope

a narrative device that the audience can recognize throughout several stories, they can sometimes be a cliche. Rhetorical tropes are metaphors and literary devices.

acculturation

a cultural change that happens when people from separate cultures meet, leading them to adapt to and adopt the values, behaviors, and customs of the new culture while potentially retaining some of their own original traits they learned from their own culture.

assimilation

when a person from another culture grows up around a dominant culture and eventually adopts that culture, leaving behind their own. Often happens due to force/violence.

altruism

unselfishly helping other people without expecting anything in return. A devotion to helping the wellbeing of others

Type B Personality

loves to chill and is very laid back

class consciousness

rooted in Marxist theory. It’s essentially the awareness of one's socioeconomic class and the realization of shared interests, often with an opposing relationship with other classes, particularly the capitalist class

coup d’etat (aka coup)

 an unhidden violent overthrow of an existing government by a small group. Military organizations are commonly known to do this.

oligarchy

a form of government with a small number of people who have complete control over their country, organization or institution. 

civil disobedience

s when someone refuses to comply with certain laws or tax payments as a form of peaceful protest. 

demagogue

a political leader who seeks support by appealing to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than by using rational argument

imperialism

he practice of extending a nation's power and influence over other countries or territories, often through territorial acquisition, political dominance, or economic control.