HCA 202 - Short Answers Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to aging, dementia, and client care as studied in HCA 202.

List three normal changes in the nervous

system associated with aging. (3 marks)

• Some brain cells are lost.

• Vision and hearing gradually decrease

• Changes in sleep patterns occur.

Identify two methods to help minimize

behavioural symptoms. (2 marks)

• Giving simple choices within the person’s ability

• Apologizing for situations to provide a 'safe way out'.

List five of the 7A’s of dementia. (5 marks)

• Amnesia

• Aphasia

• Apathy

• Agnosia

• Apraxia

Health-related issues, may cause a client with

dementia to become increasingly confused,

frustrated, or act out. List two and describe

each. (4 marks)

• Urinary tract infection (UTI) – the brain is one of the

  most affected body organs when the body is

  fighting infection. During the body’s fight

  response, inflammation and release of stress

  hormones occur and this can cause delirium to

  older adults.

• Dehydration – as the body lacks necessary fluids, it can lead to confusion and cognitive decline. Older adults with dementia are particularly susceptible to the effects of dehydration due to decreased thirst perception.

Define IADLs and ADLs and give three examples

of each. (8 marks)

ADLs: Activities of Daily Living.

• The self-care actions that people perform every day to remain independent and to function effectively in society.

• Eating, bathing, and elimination.

IADLs: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.

• IADLs involve more complex skills necessary for independent living.

• Handling finances, arranging transportation, and preparing meals.

What does the acronym ABCDs of Managing

Challenging Behaviours stand for? (4 marks)

• A - Activating event

• B - Behaviour

• C - Consequences

• D - Decide how to support clients.

List five measures you can use when

supporting someone with Dementia who is

depressed. (5 marks)

• Encourage support group participation

• Establish a predictable routine

• Assist with morning exercise

• Celebrate small successes

• Offer favorite foods.

Your client believes someone stole his wallet

because it’s not on the dresser where he always

keeps it. Which of the following statements is

the best approach? (1 mark)

B - Acknowledge and validate feelings: 'Let me help you look and see if we can find it.'

What does the acronym PIECES stand for? (6

marks)

• P - Physical

• I - Intellectual

• E - Emotional

• C - Capabilities

• E - Environment

• S - Social

List five (5) cognitive processes that can be

affected by Alzheimer’s disease or other

dementias. (5 marks)

• Memory

• Thinking

• Reasoning

• Judgment

• Behaviour.

List three typical Symptoms for the Early

Stage of Dementia and describe a Support

Strategy for each. (6 marks)

• Memory problems (create reminders and visual aids, alarms, etc.)

• Loss of abilities to do daily tasks (Offer support and try to promote independence)

• Isolation & Depression (include them in activities)

List four causes of disorientation.

• Urinary tract infection (UTI)

• Medications

• Dehydration

• Head trauma

Identify three common cognitive symptoms

of Alzheimer’s disease. (3 marks)

• Memory loss impacting daily abilities

• Difficulties with language

• Disorientation with time (doesn’t know what year it is)

Prevention of hazardous situations begins with

awareness. What does the acronym

P.R.E.V.E.N.T stand for in the “PREVENT

System”? (7 marks)

• P - Protect

• R - Remove

• E - Environmental modifications

• V - Visual inspections

• E - Encourage

• N - Navigate symptoms

• T - Talk about concerns