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What are the major processes of cell life?
Intake of nutrients, movement, growth, response to stimuli, exchange of gases, waste removal, and reproduction.
What is the function of organelles in a cell?
Specialized structures that carry out specific functions.
What is the main role of the cell membrane?
To act as a protective barrier that controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
What is the nucleus known for?
It contains the DNA and acts as the 'control center' of the cell.
What substance suspends organelles in the cell?
Cytoplasm.
What is a key function of chloroplasts?
Where photosynthesis occurs.
What role do vacuoles serve in plant cells?
They store nutrients, cell products, and help maintain the shape of the cell.
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER (with ribosomes, associated with protein creation) and Smooth ER (no ribosomes, associated with fat and oil production).
What is the function of lysosomes?
Contain digestive enzymes for defense, organelle destruction, and food digestion.
What is the 'powerhouse' of the cell?
Mitochondria, where cellular respiration occurs.
What is active transport?
The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient that requires energy.
What is passive transport?
The movement of molecules with the concentration gradient that does not require energy.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The transport of large molecules across the membrane without energy, assisted by transport proteins.
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
What does isotonic solution mean?
A solution that contains the same concentration of solute inside and outside the cell.
What occurs in a hypertonic solution?
Water diffuses out of the cell, causing it to shrivel.
What happens in a hypotonic solution?
Water diffuses into the cell, potentially causing it to expand or explode.
