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“I incline to Cain’s heresy. I let my brother go to the devil in his own way”
Cain responded, “Am I my brother’s keeper?” In the same way, Utterson keeps to himself.
Cain let Abel go to the devil
A jab at religion.
He lets Jekyll decline.
Juxtaposition, why would you let your brother go to the devil?
Utterson is drawn towards bad things.
Utterson is a bit dodgy.
A good guy, but with 2 sides, like Jekyll and Hyde.
“Ape like fury…under which the bones were audibly shattered”
Theory of evolution
Hyde is not a fully evolved human being - subhuman.
Every single character has Hyde in them.
No human being was capable of this - only an animal.
Jekyll has gone back in the line of evolution.
When he tramples over the body, it is with more power than when he steps on the girl. He preys on the weak.
visceral, loss of humanity
“If I ever read Satan’s signature upon a face, it is of your new friend.”
Satan’s seal of approval
Juxtaposition, “new friend”
These aren’t the friends we keep.
Hyde’s unmistakable malevolence. Utterson senses an otherwordly evil, even without knowing Hyde’s deeds
product of society/religion
“I felt younger, lighter, happier in body.”
Rule of three
We stop ourselves when we feel bad feelings/thoughts.
Moral compass
But evil entices you, and Hyde feels good doing it.
Liberating thrill he feels shedding the burdens of societal expectations.
“All human beings, as we meet them, are commingled out of good and evil: and Edward Hyde alone in the ranks of mankind, was pure evil.”
Jekyll becomes a slave to evil
duality of man
The moment you become fully evil, bad things happen. Links to Victorian hypocrisy, of trying to be completely good
Hyde is an anomaly.
“I sat in the sun on a bench; the animal within me licking the chops of memory; the spiritual side a little drowsed, promising subsequent penitence but not yet moved to begin.”
Religion is pushed out of the way.
When religion goes, evil comes.
Pathetic fallacy
like a hungry animal
Jekyll is caught by the seductive pull of evil
“If I am the chief of sinners, I am the chief of sufferers also.”
If I have done bad, I have suffered for my sins too.
Don’t try being God
ironic parallels to the crucifixition
inseparable link between suffering and evil - divine justice
Hyde was initially a reward, but over time became a punishment
“The man trampled calmly over the child’s body, and left her screaming on the ground…”
Letting your desires run wild
Juxtaposition - trampled/calmly
visceral violence contrasted with innocence
pure, unrestrained evil
“The street shone out from the dingy neighbourhood, like a fire in a forest.”
Stands out
divide between rich and poor
brightness and vitality in the dark neighbourhood
internal struggle of good and evil
Jekyll tries to maintain his moral standing in a world of evil
“I swear to God I will never set eyes on him again.”
Jekyll is lying
religion being pushed away
lack of control of everything
flippant swearing on God’s name. He pushes away religion and good, every time transforms into Hyde. This is ironic, in this quote he’s looking for forgiveness
“Fog rolled over the city.”
Fog represents sin, evil, concealment
the city is subdued by Hyde’s sheer evil
Hyde’s evil shrouds the facade Jekyll tries to maintain
Danger that lurks just beneath
Internal conflict that becomes increasingly difficult to understand
personification
Weaponising weather is typical of the gothic genre
“The Babylonian finger on the wall spelling out the letters of my judgement”
Judgement of blasphemous Belshazzar
Tells him that God has numbered his days, and his kingdom will be divided.
God has numbered Jekyll’s days, and at the end of his life his “kingdom” (his mind and body) will be fragmented, and he will lose control over them.
Note 
Flashcard (41)