IB Bio Unit 5 Evolution

studied byStudied by 5 people
0.0(0)
Get a hint
Hint

Evolution

1 / 67

68 Terms

1

Evolution

The gradual change in a species over time

New cards
2

Speciation

When a species becomes separated and evolve, creating two new species that now cannot interbreed

New cards
3

Which groups of vertebrates have limbs?

Mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds

New cards
4

What is the pentadactyl limb?

A limb with five digits

New cards
5

Why do so many organisms have a pentadactyl limb?

They must all share a recent common ancestor

New cards
6

What is adaptive radiation?

The evolution of many diverse species from a common ancestor

New cards
7

What is a homologous structure?

Structures that have adapted from the same common ancestor but are found on different organisms

New cards
8

What is selective breeding?

When animals with the desired characteristics are forced to interbreed, to produce an animal with the desired characteristics

New cards
9

Evidence for evolution

Fossils, homologous structures, embryology, geographical

New cards
10

How do fossils prove evolution?

They show species that no longer exist, and no fossils can be found of species that exist today

New cards
11

Melanistic

Dark varieties of typically light coloured insects

New cards
12

An example of melanism evolution

Biston betalarna (peppered moth)

New cards
13

What happened to the peppered moth?

In unpolluted areas, the peppered moths were well camouflaged against the white lichen, but in more polluted areas, the black ones were more camouflaged. The peppered ones were killed off as the industrial revolution came

New cards
14

Mutation

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change

New cards
15

Sources of variation

Mutation, meiosis and sexual reproduction

New cards
16

How does meiosis cause variation?

The random orientation of bivalents and crossing over means that the alleles are all jumbled up

New cards
17

What happens to acquired characteristics?

They do not get passed on to the offspring

New cards
18

Where did Darwin do his investigation?

The Galapagos islands

New cards
19

What organism did Darwin study?

Finches

New cards
20

What was Darwin's book called?

The Origin of Species

New cards
21

Why did beak size need to change?

In the wet seasons, more hard seeds are grown, and larger beaks are needed to crack them open

New cards
22

What is another example of evolution?

Antibiotic resistant bacteria

New cards
23

Binomial name

Genus and then species

New cards
24

What is a dichotomous key?

Asking questions with a yes or no answer to determine what species you have

New cards
25

Hierarchy of taxa

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

New cards
26

What is classification?

Putting organisms into groups

New cards
27

Artificial classification

A classification based on appearance

New cards
28

Natural classification

A classification based on common ancestors

New cards
29

What are the three domains?

Bacteria, archaeans and eukaryotes

New cards
30

How was it determined that there are three domains?

By looking at ribosomal RNA, which is found in all organisms

New cards
31

Porifera

Sponges

New cards
32

Porifera characteristics

No clear symmetry, Attached to a surface, Pores through the body, No mouth or anus

New cards
33

Cnidaria

Jellyfish, coral

New cards
34

Cnidaria characteristics

Radial symmetry, Tentacles, Stinging cells, Mouth but no anus

New cards
35

Platyhelminths

Flatworms and flukes

New cards
36

Platyhelminths characteristics

Bilaterally symmetrical, Flat bodies, Unsegmented, Mouth but no anus

New cards
37

Annelida

Segmented worms

New cards
38

Annelida characteristics

Bilaterally symmetrical, Bristles often present, Segmented, Mouth and anus

New cards
39

Arthropoda

Insects

New cards
40

Arthropoda characteristics

Bilaterally symmetrical, Exoskeleton, Segmented, Jointed appendages

New cards
41

Mollusca

Snails, clams, squids, octopuses: have a soft body that in many species is protected by a hard shell

New cards
42

Mollusca characteristics

Muscular foot and mantle, Shell usually present, Segmentation not visible, Mouth and anus

New cards
43

Chordata

Vertebrates

New cards
44

Chordata characteristics

Notochord, Dorsal nerve chord, Pharyngeal gill slits, Post anal tail

New cards
45

List some phyla

Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminths, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Chordata

New cards
46

Characteristics of fish

Scales, Gills with a single gill slit, Fins supported by rays, Swim bladder for buoyancy, External fertilisation

New cards
47

Characteristics of amphibians

Soft moist permeable skin, Lungs with small internal folds, External fertilisation in water, Protective gel around eggs, Larval stage lives in water

New cards
48

Characteristics of reptiles

Dry scaly impermeable skin, Lungs with extensive folding, Internal fertilisation, Soft shells around eggs, One type of teeth

New cards
49

Characteristics of birds

Feathers, Lungs with parabronchial tubes, Wings instead of front legs, Hard shells around the eggs, Beak but no teeth

New cards
50

Characteristics of mammals

Hair, Lungs with alveoli, Give birth to live young, Mammary glands secret milk, Teeth of different types

New cards
51

Bryophytes (mosses) roots, stems and leaves

Simple leaves and stems, no vascular tissue

New cards
52

Bryophytes (mosses) reproductive structures

Spores produced in a capsule, capsule develops at the end of a stalk

New cards
53

Filicinophytes (ferns) roots, stem and leaves

Non-woody stems, leaves curled up in bud and often divided into pairs of leaflets (pinnate), vascular tissue

New cards
54

Pinnate

A leaf vein pattern that looks like a feather. There is one main vein that has smaller veins branching off sideways from it

New cards
55

Filicinophytes (ferns) reproductive

Spores produced in sporangia, usually on the underside of the leaves

New cards
56

Coniferophytes (conifers) roots, stems and leaves

Have roots, woody stems, narrow leaves with thick waxy cuticle, vascular tissue

New cards
57

Coniferophytes (conifers) reproductive

Seeds which develop from ovules on the surface of female cones, male cones produce pollen

New cards
58

Angiospermophytes (flowering plants) roots, stems and leaves

Stems of shrubs and trees are woody, vascular tissue

New cards
59

Angiospermophytes (flowering plants) reproductive

Seeds which develop from ovules inside ovaries in flowers, fruits

New cards
60

Wha is a clade?

A group of organisms that evolved from one common ancestor

New cards
61

Homologous characteristic

Similar in two or more species because they are inherited from a common ancestor

New cards
62

Convergent evolution

Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments

New cards
63

How can clades be identified?

By looking at the base sequence of a gene

New cards
64

Why can anatomical features not be used to identify a clade?

Because some species have analogous characteristics

New cards
65

Cladogram

Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms

New cards
66

What is a node?

A branch showing a common ancestor

New cards
67

Cladistics

The method of classifying organisms using clades

New cards
68

Analogous characteristic

Performing a similar function but having a different evolutionary origin, such as the wings of insects and birds.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 25 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 25 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 13 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 36926 people
... ago
4.9(188)
note Note
studied byStudied by 17 people
... ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 64 people
... ago
5.0(2)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (23)
studied byStudied by 29 people
... ago
4.5(6)
flashcards Flashcard (66)
studied byStudied by 21 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (103)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 10 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (319)
studied byStudied by 9 people
... ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (208)
studied byStudied by 21 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (28)
studied byStudied by 2 people
... ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (102)
studied byStudied by 1 person
... ago
5.0(1)
robot