The Cardio-Respiratory System

Cardiorespiratory System

Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system.

Pulmonary Circulation

Moves blood between the heart and the lungs.

Systemic Circulation

Moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Exchange

Involves inhaling O2 and exhaling CO2.

Heart Location

The _____ sits in the thoracic cavity, specifically in the mediastinum.

Pericardium

A fluid-filled sac that protects the heart.

Heart Structure

The _____ has a base (top) and an apex (bottom).

Left Heart Function

Supplies systemic circulation by sending oxygenated blood to the body.

Right Heart Function

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.

Blood Flow Pathway

Blood flows from pulmonary veins to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle.

Aortic Arch

The curve of the aorta that supplies blood to the lower half of the body.

Venous Return

Blood returns to the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava.

Ventricular Septum

Muscular lining that separates the left and right ventricles.

Atrial Septum

Thin lining that separates the left and right atria.

Cardiac Cycle

Consists of diastole ,EDV, (relaxation) and systole, ESV, (contraction).

Stroke Volume

The amount of blood ejected from the heart with each beat.

__ = (EDV) - (ESV)

Heart Rate

The number of times the heart beats per minute (bpm).

Cardiac Output (Q)

The amount of blood pumped per minute, calculated as Q = HR x SV.

Acute Exercise Response

Increases in O2 demand lead to higher HR, SV, and CO.

Bohr Shift

Increased oxygen uptake in muscles due to higher demand.

A-V O2 Diff (Arterio-Venous O2 difference)

The difference in oxygen content between arteries and veins.

VO2 Max

Maximum oxygen consumption, indicating cardiovascular fitness.

Blood Vessel Functions

Transportation, communication, and homeostasis.

Arteries

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Capillaries

Blood vessels get even smaller and become _______. This is where diffusion takes place.

Blood Flow Regulation

Arterioles regulate blood flow through vasomotion.

Venules

Collect deoxygenated blood from capillaries to the veins.

Vasoconstriction

Narrowing of blood vessels to reduce blood flow.

Vasodilation

Widening of blood vessels to increase blood flow.

Skeletal Muscle Pump

Aids venous return by contracting muscles.

Upper Respiratory Tract

The major passages and structures of the _____ which include the nose or nostrils, nasal cavity, mouth, throat (pharynx), and voice box (larynx).

Lower Respiratory Tract

consists of the trachea, the bronchi and bronchioles, and the alveoli, which make up the lungs. These structures pull in air from the upper respiratory system, absorb the oxygen, and release carbon dioxide in exchange.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

Alveoli Structure

Thin lining and large surface area facilitate fast diffusion.

Thoracic Pressure Changes

Pressure changes in the thoracic cavity drive breathing.

Inspiration

Inhalation process where oxygen concentration increases in alveoli.

Expiration

Exhalation process where carbon dioxide moves from blood to alveoli.

Alveolar Capillary Network

Dense capillary network allows for efficient gas exchange.