Science 8 - Unit 4 - Test Review

water pollution

when waste or other material  is added to water so that it is harmful to organisms

**point-source pollution**

when the pollution comes from one specific site

**nonpoint-source pollution**

the pollution comes from many small sources and is difficult to control

**thermal pollution**

any heating of natural water that results from human activity

**eutrophication**

an increase in the amount of nutrients in water

**potable**

water that is suitable to drink

**reservoir**

a body of water that usually forms behind a dam

**urbanization**

the growth of urban areas caused by people moving into cities

**land degradation**

the process by which human activity and natural processes damage land to the point that it can no longer support the local ecosystem

**desertification**

the process by which land becomes more desert like and unable to support life

**deforestation**

the removal of a forest or group of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use

**greenhouse effect**

certain gases in the atmosphere, such as water vapor and carbon dioxide, absorb and reradiate thermal energy

**air pollution**

the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials

**particulate**

a tiny particle of solid that is suspended in air or water

**smog**

forms when ground-level ozone and vehicle exhaust react in the presence of sunlight

**acid precipitation**

precipitation such as rain, sleet, or snow that contains acids from air pollution

**air quality**

measuring how clean or polluted the air is

**conservation**

the wise use of natural resources

**stewardship**

the careful and responsible management of a resource

salt water

this kind of water makes up 97% of Earth’s water supply

fresh water

this kind of water makes up 3% of Earth’s water supply

fresh water

2/3 of Earth’s supply of this type of water is frozen

fresh water

less than 1% of this type of water is available for use from the surface

aquifer

a body of rock or sediment that can hold water and allows it to easily flow throughout

pores

spaces between rocks and sediment that water can be stored in

permafrost

the layer that water is frozen with soil in

biological pollution

when organisms are added to supplies of water

wastewater

water already used by people

artificial eutrophication

when human activity adds more nutrients to water

floculation

the process of removing particles, bacteria, and other microbes from water

safe drinking water act

a federal law that ensures safe drinking water for people in the United States

canal

an artificial channel for water

aqueducts

an artificial channel for water to flow

saltwater intrusion

when saltwater seeps into aquifers

urban sprawl

when urbanization occurs on the edges of cities

stratosphere

this layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

this chemical was the cause of the hole in the ozone layer

reclamation

the process of damaged land being transformed back into it’s original state

clean air act

this act limits how much toxic chemicals and other pollutants can be released into the atmosphere

kyoto protocol

an effort worldwide to limit the release of greenhouse gasses