Blood Supply of the Liver

What are the two sources of blood supply to the liver?

The hepatic artery proper (arterial/oxygenated blood)

and the portal vein (venous/nutrient-rich blood).

What is the main source of arterial blood to the liver?

The hepatic artery proper, the terminal branch of the common hepatic artery.

What is the common hepatic artery a branch of?

The celiac trunk.

Into what two terminal branches does the common hepatic artery divide?

Proper hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery.

Between which structures does the proper hepatic artery travel?

Between the layers of the hepatoduodenal ligament, in the hepatic pedicle.

Into how many lobar branches does the proper hepatic artery divide at the level of the hilum?

Two lobar branches — right and left.

What arteries does the right branch of the proper hepatic artery give off?

Anterior segmentary artery,

posterior segmentary artery,

and caudate lobe artery.

Into what is the left hepatic branch divided?

Lateral segmentary,

medial segmentary,

and caudate lobe arteries for the papillary process.

What arteries does the medial segmentary branch give?

Four branches for the quadrate lobe — two superior and two inferior subsegmentary arteries.

What other arteries arise from the hepatic artery proper?

Right gastric artery and long cystic artery.

What other arteries may participate in liver vascularization?

Left hepatic artery from the left gastric artery

and right hepatic artery from the superior mesenteric artery (inconstant).

What branches does the proper hepatic artery give off before reaching the porta hepatis?

Right gastric,

gastroduodenal,

and cystic branches, as well as direct branches to the bile duct.

Where does the hepatic artery divide into right and left branches?

At the porta hepatis.