Celular Bio - Catalysts

Energy

Capacity to do work: to change something, to move something

Thermodynamics

Study of changes in energy, predicts if energy input is necessary for an event to happen.

First law of thermodynamics

The total energy content of the universe is constant. Energy can only be transformed from one form to another; cannot be created or destroyed.

Second law of thermodynamics

The total disorder (entropy; S) for a system can only increase.

Biological order

What is made possible by the release of heat energy from cells?

The oxidation of organic molecules

How do cells obtain energy?

Enzymes

What reduces the energy needed to initiate a spontaneous reaction?

No

Do enzymes affect free energy change? (ΔG)

Lower activation energy and increase rate of reaction

What do enzymes do?

Exergonic reaction

Releases free energy (negative ΔG) and are spontaneous

Endergonic reaction

Absorb free energy (positive ΔG) and are non-spontaneous

Energy released when two molecules associate

Binding energy

Energy supplied when two molecules separate

Dissociation energy

General term for all chemical reactions in cells

Metabolic

Reactions that break down nutrients, releasing energy

Catabolic

Reactions that build larger molecules from smaller ones, consuming energy

Anabolic

The energy used by the cell to generate specific biological molecules and highly ordered structures is stored in the form of

Chemical bonds

The reaction proceeds if coupled with one ATP hydrolysis

ATP hydrolysis has ΔG° = –30.5 kJ/mol. Suppose a biosynthetic reaction requires ΔG° = +20 kJ/mol. What statement is correct?