STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF PLANT AND ANIMAL TISSUES

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF PLANT AND ANIMAL TISSUES

TISSUES: OVERVIEW

• Cells are the building blocks of tissues of organisms.

• Tissues are essential for the growth

development

• HISTOLOGY - the microscopic

study of tissues and cells.

PLANT TISSUES

• Plant tissues are organized groups of cells that work

together to perform specific functions.

for plant growth.

• MERISTEMATIC

• undifferentiated cells capable of continuous division and are responsible for plant growth.

• DERMAL TISSUE

• the outer protective covering of the plant.

• VASCULAR TISSUE

• Involved in the transport of water

nutrients

the plant.

• GROUND TISSUE

• Make up most of the plant body

performing various functions depending on their location and

• MERISTEMATIC TISSUE

-APICAL MERISTEM

-Located at the tips of roots and shoots; responsible for primary

growth (lengthening of the plant).

-LATERAL MERISTEM

-Found along the sides of stems and roots;

responsible for secondary growth (increase in thickness or girth). Includes vascular cambium and cork cambium.

• DERMAL TISSUE

• EPIDERMIS

-A single layer of cells covering and protects the plant body from pathogen and dehydration

often with a waxy cuticle.

• STOMATA

• Specialized dermal tissue for gas exchange. Facilitated by guard cells.

• TRICHOMES

• Specialized dermal tissue for protection against herbivores and prevent water.

• GROUND TISSUE

• PARENCHYMA

-are actively involved in photosynthesis

secretion

Example: The fleshy part of fruits.

• COLLENCHYMA

-provide strength to the plant's stems

branches

Example: Strings in celery

• SCLERENCHYMA

-provide rigidity and strength.

Example: bark and shell of nuts

• VASCULAR TISSUE

• XYLEM

• Transport water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.

• PHLOEM

• Transport sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant.

• ANIMAL TISSUES

• EPITHELIAL

• It covers the internal and external surfaces of the body.

• CONNECTIVE

• Abundant to internal organs. Connecting tissues to one another.

• MUSCLE

• Motility: Have the ability to contract

or shorten

• NERVOUS

• It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many bodily activities.

EPITHELIAL TISSUE : FUNCTIONS

• PROTECTION

• skin protects against bacterial and chemical change.

• FILTRATION

• cilia of the respiratory tract which sweep debris away from the lungs.

• SECRETION

• produce substances such as perspiration

oil

EPITHELIAL TISSUE : CLASSIFICATION

• are classified according to the number of layers and the shape of the cells.

• NUMBER OF LAYERS

Simple Epithelium

• consist of single layer of cells

Stratified Epithelium

• consist of more than one layer of cells

• SHAPE OF THE CELLS

Squamous

• scale-like shape

Cuboidal

• cube-like shape

Columnar

• shaped like a column

SIMPLE EPITHELIUM

• SIMPLE SQUAMOUS

• Consists of a single layer of flat

thin cells.

Functions: Exchange of nutrients

wastes and gases

cube-like cells.

Location: alveoli

blood vessels

• SIMPLE CUBOIDAL

• Consists of single layer of cube-like cells

Functions: secretion of substances

Location: Salivary Gland

Kidney tubules

• SIMPLE COLUMNAR

• Consists of a single layer of tall

thin cells.