Cengage Windows Server 2019 Chapter 7 Vocab

Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

A protocol that authenticates a user or network host to an authenticating entity through a series of challenges and responses. Commonly used for remote access and to negotiate a network connection to an ISP. 

clustered storage pool

A collection of servers and shared storage that is used to improve storage utilization and simplify administration. 

Data Deduplication Service

A service on a Windows Server 2019 system that will periodically scan for duplicate file contents that have not been modified for a certain number of days. 

Device Specific Module (DSM)

An MPIO support file obtained from a SAN device manufacturer. 

duplexing

A fault-tolerance within RAID where two storage devices in a RAID level 1 configuration are stored on separate storage controllers on the system. 

Failover clustering

A group of independent computers that work together to increase the availability and scalability of clustered roles.  

FC over Ethernet (FCoE)

A computer network technology that encapsulates Fibre Channel frames over Ethernet networks allowing Fibre Channel to use 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks (or higher speeds) while preserving the Fibre Channel protocol. 

Fibre Channel (FC)

A high-speed data transfer protocol providing in-order, lossless delivery of raw block data. This is primarily used to connect computer data storage to servers in storage area networks in commercial data centers. 

firmware RAID

A type of RAID implementation where the RAID functionality is handled by firmware or drivers on the motherboard, not a dedicated hardware RAID controller. 

hardware RAID

A type of RAID configuration where the hardware-based array manages the RAID subsystem independently from the host.  

Host Bus Adapter (HBA)

A circuit board and/or integrated circuit adapter that provides input/output (I/O) processing and physical connectivity between a host system, or server, and a storage and/or network device. 

internet SCSI (iSCSI)

A high-speed technology used in SANs that employs TCP/IP communications and SCSI disk drives.  

iSCSI initiator

Software or hardware that enables a host computer to send data to an external iSCSI-based storage array through an Ethernet network adapter over a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)-based Internet Protocol (IP) network. 

iSCSI Qualified Name (IQN)

A unique name generated by the utility iscsi-iname. It is generated every time you invoke iscsi-iname. This name can be used to configure iSCSI initiator and the iSCSI target.  

iSCSI target

A storage resource located on an Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) server. It’s a protocol used to link data storage devices over an IP network infrastructure. 

iSCSI Target Server

A device, often a server running Windows Server, that provides storage over a network using the iSCSI protocol. This allows other devices, called iSCSI initiators, to access and use the storage as if it were a directly connected local drive.  

iSCSI Target Storage Provider

A component, typically found on a Windows Server, that allows you to manage and expose iSCSI storage to other systems.  It includes two key components: one for managing virtual disks and another for creating volume shadow copies. 

iSCSI virtual disk

A special .vhdx file that contains the storage you wish to make available to other systems via an iSCSI target. 

Microsoft iSCSI Initiator Service

A service that manages iSCSI sessions from a computer to remote iSCSI target devices. If this service is stopped, the computer cannot log on or access iSCSI targets. If this service is disabled, any services that explicitly depend on it fail to start. 

mirroring

The replication of logical disk volumes onto separate physical hard disks in real time to ensure continuous availability. It is most commonly used in RAID 1.  

Multipath Input Output (MpIO)

A Microsoft framework designed to mitigate the effects of a host bus adapter (HBA) failure by providing an alternate data path between storage devices and a Windows operating system. 

network-attached storage (NAS)

A file-level computer data storage server connected to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients.  

primordial storage pool

Any physical disks added to the server but not yet added to a storage space. 

Remote-direct memory access (RDMA)

A technology that allows computers to exchange data directly from their memory without involving the CPU or operating system. This results in faster and more efficient transfers, with low latency and high bandwidth. This permits high-throughput, low-latency networking, which is especially useful in massively parallel computer clusters. 

Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)

A point-to-point serial protocol that moves data to and from computer-storage devices such as hard drives and tape drives. It replaces the older Parallel SCSI bus technology that first appeared in the mid-1980s. 

Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)

A set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices. The standards define commands, protocols, electrical, optical and logical interfaces. 

storage pool

A collection of physical disks that are grouped together to create a pool of resources as a virtual disk.  This allows users to aggregate disks, expand capacity, and delegate administration.   

Virtual Disk Service (VDS)

A Microsoft Windows service that manages and provides information about virtual disks. The service unifies volume management and hardware RAID management under a single API and hides storage complexities from applications.