Week 16 DCUSH

Lincoln's Wartime Reconstruction Plan

Readmission to the union for former rebel states when at least 10% of those who voted in 1860 took an oath of allegiance to the union

Wade-Davis Bill

an 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy...Lincoln refused to sign this bill thinking it was too harsh

Johnson's Restoration Plan

Plan to require southern states to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment, disqualify wealthy ex-Confederates from voting, and appoint a Unionist governor

Alexander Stephens

He was the vice-president of the Confederacy until 1865 when it was defeated and destroyed by the Union. Like the other leaders of the Confederacy, he was under indictment for treason.

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Impeachment of Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson was impeached for his conciliatory policies towards the South, his hurry to reincorporate the former Confederates back into the union, and his vetoes of civil rights bills.

African American Schools

Racially segregated schools during the reconstruction, also called "black schools" or "colored schools"

Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce

Revels and Bruce were the first two African-American politicians to serve a full term in the United States Senate. They were both representatives from Mississippi, and were the only two African-American Senators during Reconstruction.

Carpetbaggers

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states

White League

organization established to restore political power to the pre-civil war white democrats and did not hesitate to use violence to achieve that end

Panic of 1873

Financial panic in which banks closed and the stock market crashed, during Grant's second term

Grant's Scandals

Grant's cabinet was corrupt and taking money from the government. For example, the Credit-Mobilier Scandal (cabinet member took money for railroads and scammed people).

Enforcement Acts

(1870-1871) Congress in response to the KKK and others, passed these acts to protect black voters. It created penalties on person who interfered with any citizen's right to vote. Outlaws the activities of the KKK

The "Redeemers'"

White Democrats, mainly southerners, who used their political power to oppress the Black community

Compromise of 1877

Compromise that enables Hayes to take office in return for the end of Reconstruction

Equal Protection Clause

14th amendment clause that prohibits states from denying equal protection under the law, and has been used to combat discrimination

Reconstruction

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

Lincoln's Assassination

shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., April 14, 1865

Radical Republicans

Political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after civil war

Military Reconstruction

The Congressional reconstruction plan that placed the South in 5 military districts (1865)

Freedman's Bureau

The bureau's focus was to provide food, medical care, administer justice, manage abandoned and confiscated property, regulate labor, and establish schools for former slaves following the civil war.

Reconstruction Ammendments

13th, 14th, and 15th amendments which state freedom of slavery, citizenship, and voting rights.

Convict-lease system

a system that provided convict labor to private parties such as railroad companies or plantation owners

Literacy Tests

Method used to deny African-Americans the vote in the South that tested a person's ability to read and write - they were done very unfairly so even though most African-Americans could read and write by the 1950's they still failed.

Endorcements

white sponsors that were required so that people could vote

Union League

Reconstruction-Era African American organization that worked to educate Southern blacks about civic life, built black schools and churches, and represented African American interests before government and employers. It also campaigned on behalf of Republican candidates and recruited local militias to protect blacks from white intimidation.

African American Churches

First social institution totally controlled by blacks

Woodpecker Alliance

very small group of democrats, were (former) officials who held office as result of black vote for republican ticket

Tenet Farming

is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management in exchange for labor

Sharecropping

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops

KKK

Stands for Ku Klux Klan and started right after the Civil War the Southern establishment passed discriminatory laws known as the black codes. Gives whites almost unlimited power. They masked themselves and burned black churches, schools, and terrorized black people. They are anti-black and anti-Semitic.

Jaybirds

mainly white elite democrats who sought to rid the country of republican government who gained control during reconstruction

Woodpecker-Jaybird War

war between democrats over control of southeast texas

Lynching Culture

killing of a person by a mob usually as a punishment or to exert control/dominance

Poll Taxes

A fee charged to voters before they could vote (discriminated against poor minorities)

Grandfather Clause

A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867

Scalawags

Southern whites who supported Republican policy through reconstruction

Andrew Johnson

president after lincoln, allowed southern states to re join with minimal changes bc he was a southerner himself

Radical Reconstruction

Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war