Chapter 4: Biodiversity and Evolution

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57 Terms

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Ecological Diversity
The variety of ecosystems found in an area or on the earth.
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Biological Diversity
Variety in the earths species.
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Biological Diversity
Variety in the earths species
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Functional Diversity
Variety of processes within an ecosystem
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Genetic Diversity
Variety of genes in a population
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Species Diversity
Number and variety of species
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Ecological Diversity
The variety of ecosystems found in an area or on the earth
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Biological evolution
How life changes over time and it can be seen through the differences in genetic characteristics
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Natural selection
Individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce under a certain set of environmental conditions
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Fossils
Physical evidence of old organisms
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Fossil Record
Entire body of fossil evidence
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Mutations
Random changes in DNA molecules
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Natural selection
Acts on individual
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Genetic Resistance
Ability of one or more members of a population to resist a chemical designed to kill it
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Adaptation
An organism becomes better suited to its habitat (where it lives) from a genetic trait
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Differential Reproduction
A phenomenon in which people who possess adaptable genetic qualities have more viable offspring than people who have not
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Speciation
One species splits into two or more species
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Geographic Isolation
Physical isolation of populations for a long period
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Reproductive Isolation
This leads to an inability to produce proper offspring when two individuals from separate species mate
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Extinction
Process in which an entire species ceases to exist
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Endemic Species
Found only in one area, particularly vulnerable to extinction
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Background Extinction
Typical low rate of extinction
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Mass Extinction
Significant rise above background level
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Species Diversity
The number of different species present in an ecosystem and the relative abundance of each of those species
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Species Richness
The number of different species in a given area
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Species Evenness
Comparative number of individuals of each species present
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Ecological Niche
Everything that affects survival and reproduction
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Generalist Species
Wide range of tolerance, broad species
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Specialist Species
Narrow range of tolerance, narrow niche
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Indicator Species
Provides us with early warnings of environmental damage
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Native Species
Normally live in an ecosystem
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Nonnative Species
Not native
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Keystone Species
Have a large effect on the types and abundances of other species
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Foundation Species
Species that create habitats and cause a positive effect on diversity
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Functional Diversity
Variety of processes within an ecosystem
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Genetic Diversity
Variety of genes in a population
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Species Diversity
Number and variety of species
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Ecological Diversity
The variety of ecosystems found in an area or on the earth
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Biological evolution
How life changes over time and it can be seen through the differences in genetic characteristics.
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Natural selection
Individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce under a certain set of environmental conditions.
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Mutations
Random changes in DNA molecules
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Natural selection
Acts on individual
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Genetic Resistance
Ability of one or more members of a population to resist a chemical designed to kill it.
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Adaptation
An organism becomes better suited to its habitat (where it lives) from a genetic trait.
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Differential Reproduction
A phenomenon in which people who possess adaptable genetic qualities have more viable offspring than people who have not.
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Speciation
One species splits into two or more species
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Geographic Isolation
Physical isolation of populations for a long period
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Reproductive Isolation
This leads to an inability to produce proper offspring when two individuals from separate species mate.
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Extinction
Process in which an entire species ceases to exist
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Endemic Species
Found only in one area, particularly vulnerable to extinction
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Mass Extinction
Significant rise above background level
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Ecological Niche
Everything that affects survival and reproduction
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Generalist Species
Wide range of tolerance, broad species
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Specialist Species
Narrow range of tolerance, narrow niche
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Indicator Species
Provides us with early warnings of environmental damage.
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Keystone Species
Have a large effect on the types and abundances of other species
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Foundation Species
Species that create habitats and cause a positive effect on diversity