APUSH Chapter 29

Conformity in the 1950s

The decade of conformity where the "Greatest Generation" sought a comfortable life for their "Baby Boomer" children after the Great Depression and WWII.

Change in the 1960s

The era marked by a shift from conformity, with the "Baby Boomers" desiring more than the status quo, leading to significant social and political transformations.

Alliance for Progress

A charter between the US and 22 Latin American countries focusing on economic and social development, albeit facing challenges and tensions over time.

Peace Corps

A program reflecting idealism, sending American volunteers to third world countries for education, healthcare, and agricultural improvements.

Flexible Response

JFK's strategy emphasizing a range of options beyond nuclear weapons, increasing funding for conventional forces and the Green Berets.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Failed CIA-backed operation to overthrow Castro in Cuba, revealing US involvement and resulting in Cuban captures and ransom.

Berlin Wall

Constructed in 1961 by the Soviets to prevent East Germans from fleeing to the West, symbolizing Soviet control over Eastern Europe.

Cuban Missile Crisis

A tense standoff in 1962 between the US and the USSR over Soviet missiles in Cuba, narrowly avoiding nuclear conflict.

Brinkmanship

US strategy during the Cold War of threatening nuclear war to deter Soviet expansion, risking escalation to prevent conflict.

Dien Bien Phu

1954 battle where the French surrendered to the Vietminh, leading to the division of Vietnam and international agreements.

SEATO

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, aimed at resisting armed aggression in the region, similar to NATO.

Ngo Dinh Diem

Anti-communist leader in South Vietnam, supported by the US but faced opposition due to his policies and corruption.

American Military Advisers in Vietnam

JFK's increase in troops to train South Vietnamese forces, reflecting the domino theory and US commitment in Asia.

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

Authorization given by Congress to President Johnson in response to reported attacks on the US destroyer Maddox, granting almost unlimited power to expand the conflict.

Operation Rolling Thunder

Johnson's escalation of the Vietnam War through bombing North Vietnam and increasing American troops in 1967.

Hawks and Doves

Supporters (Hawks) and opponents (Doves) of the Vietnam War based on reasons like stopping communist aggression and the war's drain on resources for social programs.

Tet Offensive

A major military defeat for the communists in Vietnam that eroded American confidence in official war announcements.

Mỹ Lai Massacre

Incident where US soldiers killed hundreds of Vietnamese civilians, leading to decreased public support for the war.

Election of 1968

LBJ's decision not to run, Humphrey's nomination, Nixon's victory, and Wallace's impact on the election.

Greensboro Sit-Ins

Nonviolent protests by black college students at segregated lunch counters in Greensboro, spreading to other cities in the South.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Formed to coordinate sit-ins and advocate for civil rights, later calling for black power.

Black Power Movement

Advocated by Stokely Carmichael, emphasizing pride in black culture, rejection of integration, and collective action for rights.

New Left

Activists in the 1960s and 1970s advocating for reforms on issues like gay rights, abortion, and gender roles, contrasting with previous leftist movements.

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

Leftist student group criticizing nuclear arms race, racial discrimination, and corporate power, advocating for participatory democracy and civil disobedience.

Women’s Movement

Second Wave of Feminism in the US, demanding equal rights for women, sparked by Betty Friedan's book "The Feminine Mystique" and led by figures like Gloria Steinem.

National Organization for Women (NOW)

Founded by Betty Friedan, dedicated to ending gender discrimination, focusing on issues like abortion rights and Equal Rights Amendment.

The Pill

First oral contraceptive approved in 1960, sparking controversy and skepticism among feminists, leading to changes in formulation and safety guidelines.

Griswold v Connecticut

1965 Supreme Court ruling allowing married couples to use birth control based on privacy, but not extending to single women, impacting contraceptive laws in 26 states.

Eisenstadt v Baird

1972 Supreme Court case extending the right to possess and use contraceptives to unmarried individuals.

Radical Feminists

Advocates like Ruby Doris Smith Robinson and Ti-Grace Atkinson pushing for more radical changes than liberal feminists, forming groups like Redstockings and WITCH.

Liberal Feminists

Mainstream women’s movement seeking equal rights and an end to gender discrimination, supporting the Equal Rights Amendment and led by figures like Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem.

Anti-Feminists

Group opposing feminist movements, including suburban housewives like Phyllis Schlafly who organized the "STOP ERA" campaign and opposed equal rights initiatives.