a&p nervous system

Microglial

Phagocytic cells that engulf foreign substances

Astrocyte

Form BBB, chooses what is allowed to go thru barrier

ependymal

Line ventricles of brain and spinal cord at central canal. CSF production

Satellite

Lines barrier, supports cells in PNS ganglia

Myelin

White coating

Schwann cell belongs to which system?

PNS (perhepheral nervous system)

Oligodendrocyte belongs to which system

CNS (central nervous system)

Track runs:

North and south (up and down)

Once tracks come out of spinal cord, it’s a

Nerve

Descending is motor which is

Anterior

Ascending is sensory which is

Posterior

Nuclei is part of what system

CNS

Ganglia is part of which system

PNS

Plexus is part of what system

PNS

cervical affects

Arms

Lumbar affects

Legs

Gray matter is

Unmyelinated

Absolute refractery period

‘Absolutely nothing happens’

Relative refractory period

Relative to how far the first one has gone

Acetylcholinesterase (AchE)

Inactivation of Ach leads to acetate+choline

Choline acetyltransferase

Acetyl-CoA+choline=acetylcholine

Agonist

Enhances neurotransmitter or mimics a neurotransmitter

Antagonist

Blocks or inhibits the action of a neurotransmitter

Central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

Oculomotor

•constricts pupil

•raises eye lid

Eyelid drop

Sign of stroke

3 keep eye open

7 keep it closed

Vagus (X)

Back of throat down to rectum (exits skull)

Upper motor neuron lesion

1. Spastic paralysis

2. Hyperreflexia

3. Babinski sign present

Lower motor neuron lesion

1. Flaccid paralysis

2. Areflexia

3. No babinski

4. Fasiculations

Intentional tremor

•non resting

•intending to do something and get tremor

Non intentional

•resting tremor

•if you keep moving, tremor isn’t noticable

•Parkinson’s

•Hitler had this

Ataxia

Lack of coordination

Tremor

Intention tremor produced upon voluntary movement

Lesions of spinal cord

1. Polio

2. Tabes dorsalis

3. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

4. Anterior spinal artery

5. Guillian barre syndrome

Guillian barre syndrome

A. Sensory loss

B. LMN loss

Motor pathway

One pathway with different names

Motor pathway is called

•corticospinal tract

•descending motor pathway

•pyramidal tract

Lesions can be

Upper or lower

Spinothalamic pathway

Sensory input is pain and temp only

Starts with spine=

Going up

Ends with spine=

Going down

Lumbar

Leg

Cervical

Arms

Dorsal column

Sensory is everything but pain and temperature

Spinal cord ends at

L1, L2

Nerves keep going down spine

Dorsal

•sensory

•posterior

Ventral

•motor

•anterior

Cauda equina (horses tail)

Continuation of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the vertebral canal

Ends in spine=

Motor

Tissues of brain

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Ventricles mean

Rooms, cavities, spaces

Cerebrospinal fluid flows down

Lateral, third (intraventricular), fourth (aqueduct)

Gyri

Highs

Sulci

Lows

4 external main lobes

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Front of brain

Anterior

Back of brain

Posterior

Front-precentral

Motor

Back-post central

Sensory

Cortex

Always on outside

Each hemisphere connects to contralateral side of the body

True

Left cerebral hemisphere:

1. Control muscles on right side of body

2. Spoken and written language

Right cerebral hemisphere:

1. Control muscles on left side of body

2. Space and pattern perception

3. Generating mental images to compare special relationships

Motor/precentral

Control voluntary movement (anterior to central sulcus)

Sensory/post central

Conscious awareness of sensation (posterior to central sulcus)

Broca’s area

Left side of frontal lobe

Somatic means

Body

Vision is located in which lobe

Occipital

spinal at end means

Descending (motor)

Spinal at beginning of word means

Ascending (sensory)

Special senses are

Sight, smell (olfactory), taste (gustatory)

Somatosensory association cortex

Determines size texture and relationships of parts of objects being felt (ex, coin in hand)

Primary visual cortex

Occipital, calcarine region/sulcus

Auditory association area

Stores memories of sounds and permits perceptions of sounds

Wernicks area (posterior)

Chronic alcoholic, lose recalling and memory

Cranial nerves can be:

Motor only, sensory only, motor and sensory

Cranial

12 pair, Roman numberals

Spinal nerves are always

Motor and sensory

Spinal nerves

31 pair, Arabic numbers, 1-31

A=

in kidney

Inter=

Between

E=

Out kidney

Intra=

Inside

If it’s numbered it’s _____ plexus

Before

If it’s named, it’s ____ plexus

After

2 motor down, moves

Foot, hamstrings, etc.

3 sensory up to feel

Pain

Do you feel pain in your body?

No you feel pain in your brain

‘A’ fiber=

Fastest fiber to get there

Sodium potassium pump

3 positive out, 2 positive in

Ligand (receptor) can be:

1. Hormone

2. Neurotransmitter

3. Antibody

Sodium in=

Depolarization

Sodium out=

Repolarization

In the brain grey matter is on the

Outside

In the spinal cord the grey matter is on the

Inside

Nuclei in myelinated areas are always

Grey

Ganglius=

Peripheral

Nuclei=

Center