Organic Chem-PACOP

B

Refer to structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic

The functional group attached to the acyl-amino group is called a/an:

A. Phenoxyethyl

B. Isoxazoyl

C. Imidazole

D. Benzyl

E. Methoxyphenyl

A

Refer to structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic

Halogen substituents are best placed in what position

A. 1,2

B. 1,3

C. 1,4

D. Both A and B

E. Both A and C

D

Refer to structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic

This antibiotic is primarily indicated for what type of infection?

A. Klebsiella

B. Enterobacter

C. Pseudomonas

D. Staphylococci

E. Streptococci

C

Refer to structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic

Adding more than one Chloride atoms in the structure confers what modification on the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug?

A. Liberation

B. Absorption

C. Distribution

D. Metabolism

E. Excretion

B

Refer to structure of a beta-lactam antibiotic

What is the role of Chloride atoms in the structure?

A. Increase the susceptibility to penicillinase

B. Increasing the plasma concentration

C. Acid resistance property

D. Increase in parenteral absorption

E. Increase in oral absorption

E

Preservatives like Parabens increase their preservative property by

A. Reducing the parent compound

B. Decreasing molecular weight

C. Attaching a halogen to the parent compound

D. Substituting the parent compound with a lipophilic group

E. Increasing the molecular weight

C

Sodium pump is an example of

A. Enzyme-linked tyrosine kinase receptor

B. G-protein coupled receptor

C. Ion-channel

D. Gene transcription-linked receptor

E. None of the above

A

This is an approach in drug discovery were in there is already an existing drug that can be used to identify a new lead compound.

A. Random screening

B. Molecular docking

C. Parent compound modification

D. Biotechnology techniques

E. Rational drug design

D

Azeotropic distillation of benzene is done in what concentration of ethanol?

A. 95%

B. 70%

C. 50%

D. 99%

E. 10%

B

Radical reactions may also presented using this reagent

A. Bromine water

B. Hydrogen peroxide

C. Nitric acid

D. Sodium oxalate

E. Potassium bitartrate

B

The reagent needed to convert Benzene to Toluene/Methylbenzene is

A. NaOH/Oxidizing agent

B. CH3Cl/AlCl3

C. HNO3/H2SO4

D. NaOH/Reducing agent

E. CH3Br/NaNH2

C

Toluene + KMnO4/H+ yields

A. Benzyl alcohol

B. Phenol

C. Benzoic acid

D. Xylene

E. Anisole

D

The reagent needed to convert Benzoic acid to 3-Nitrobenzoic acid is/are

A. CH3Br/NaNH2

B. NaOH/Reducing agent

C. CH3COCl/AlCl3

D. HNO3/H2SO4

E. NaOH/Oxidizing agent

D

The reagent needed to convert 3-Nitrobenzoic acid to 3-aminobenzoic acid is/are

A. NaOH/Oxidizing agent

B. CH3Br/NaNH2/NO2

C. H2OH/H2SO4

D. NaOH/Reducing agent

E. NBS

D

When a carbonyl group reacts with a secondary amine, what will be the resulting product?

A. Imine

B. Amide

C. Tertiary amine

D. Enamine

E. Secondary amine

B

The addition of hydrogen molecules to an alkene is catalyzed by what metal?

A. Silver

B. Palladium

C. Berrylium

D. Gallium

E. Osmium

A

Methoxybenzene is also known as

A. Anisole

B. Toluene

C. Aniline

D. Xylene

E. Anethole

A

Which of the following compounds can be used to synthesize primary alcohols?

A.Propane

B. Formaldehyde

C. 3-chloropentane

D. Acetone

E. Ethanamine

C

Which of the following cephalosporin is excreted in bile?

A. Cefixime

B. Cefotaxime

C. Ceftriaxone

D. Moxalactam

E. Loracarbef

B

Preservative used for molds

A. Ethylparaben

B. Methylparaben

C. Butylparaben

D. Propylparaben

E. Isopropylparaben

E

Which is true about drug absorption?

I. For weakly acidic drug, it must be in its unionized form

II. For weakly acidic drug, it must be in its ionized form

III. For weakly basic drug, it must be in its unionized form

IV. For weakly basic drug, it must be in its ionized form

A. I, II, III

B. II and III

C. II and IV

D. III and IV

E. I and III

D

Refer to the general structure of penicillin

Which of the following will confer resistance against the beta lactamases when synthesizing analogues of penicillin?

A. Halogens

B. Ring deactivators

C. Electron withdrawing group

D. Bulky group

E. Ring activators

C

Refer to the general structure of penicillin

What functional group is being modified if formulation into a salt is needed?

A. Amide

B. Carboxylic acid

C. Carbonyl

D. Alkyl

E. 225 g

A

Refer to the general structure of penicillin

What is the functional group attached to the Beta lactam ring?

A. Aryl amide

B. Acyl amide

C. Polyamide

D. Carboxyamide

E. Phenylamide

A

Which of the following is true on ideal anti-septics?

I. Low toxicity

II. Sustained and rapid lethal action against microorganisms

III. High surface tension

IV. Non-irritating and non-allergenic

A. I, II, IV

B. III only

C. I, II, III, IV

D. II and III

E. III and IV

C

Aztreonam can elevate this enzyme

A. Creatinine kinase

B. Pyruvate kinase

C. Alanine aminotransferase

D. Creatine phosphokinase

E. Thrombin

D

The compound use to identify the partition coefficient in vitro

A. Tert-butyl alcohol

B. Phenol

C. Isopentyl alcohol

D. N-octanol

E. Benzyl alcohol

B

Isoniazid is metabolized by humans principally by

A. Acetylation

B. Deamination

C. Methylation

D. Conjugation

E. Oxidation

C

Total affinity of the ligand to its receptor

A. Intrinsic activity

B. Agonistic activity

C. Avidity

D. Antagonist activity

E. Agonistic affinity

C

Dimethylbenzene is aka

A. Anisole

B. Aniline

C. Xylene

D. Phenol

E. Ethylene

B

This compound is derived from the destructive distillation of castor oil and it is used as a keratolytic agent

A. Salicylic acid

B. Undecylenic acid

C. Benzoic acid

D. Chrysarobin

E. Propionic aicd

A

The following are examples of G protein coupled receptors, except

A. GABA receptors

B. Beta-2 receptors

C. Muscarinic receptors

D. Alpha-1 receptors

E. Beta-1 receptors

E

DNA alkylating agent binds to its target by means of what bond?

A. Hydrogen bonding

B. Electrostatic bonding

C. Hydrophobic bonding

D. Ionic bonding

E. Covalent bonding

B

In the presence of a full agonist, a partial agonist becomes

A. Agonist

B. Antagonist

C. Partial agonist

D. Inverse agonist

E. No effect

A

Long acting HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

A. Rosuvastatin

B. Lovastatin

C. Fluvastatin

D. Simvastatin

E. Pravastatin

B

This is the most important CYP 450 isozyme that is responsible for the metabolism of almost 50% of the drugs available in the market

A. CYP 2D6

B. CYP 3A4

C. CYP 2A9

D. CYP 1A2

E. CYP 2D10

A

A theory that advances the idea that maximum pharmacologic effect can be obtained if all the receptors are occupied

A. Hypothesis of Paton

B. Lock and key theory

C. Hypothesis of Clark

D. Induced fit theory

E. Hypothesis of Ariens and Stephenson

D

The anti-angina effect of nitrates is primarily due to the release of what gas?

A. Nitrous oxide

B. Dinitrogen oxide

C. Nitrogen dioxide

D. Nitric oxide

E. Dinitrogen dioxide

A

Diuretic that acts on the distal convoluted tubule

A. Indapamide

B. Furosemide

C. Ethacrinic acid

D. Acetazolamide

E. Spironolactone

D

What is 1,4-dihydroxybenzene

A. Cathecol

B. Phenol

C. Xylene

D. Hydroquinone

E. Resorcinol

C

Halogenation off alkanes is possible in what type of reaction?

A. Substitution

B. Elimination

C. Radical reactions

D. Addition

E. Combustion

E

Alkylation of aminobenzene will likely proceed to what position?

A. Ortho

B. Meta

C. Para

D. Both A and B

E. Both A and C

B

This is a derivative of 2 carboxylic acids in which the compound is formed by the removal of one molecule of water into RCOOH

A. Ether

B. Acid anhydride

C. Amide

D. Acyl halide

E. Ester

E

Refer to the structure of Bricanyl

The drug is a derivative of

A. Catechol

B. Phenol

C. Xylene

D. Hydroquinone

E. Resorcinol

A

Refer to the structure of Bricanyl

The compound is not affected by which enzyme during its metabolism?

A. COMT

B. MAO

C. Carboxylases

D. A and B

E. A and C

D

Refer to the structure of Bricanyl

The compound is a selective agonist of what receptor?

A. Alpha 1

B. M1

C. Beta 1

D. Beta 2

E. N1

B

Refer to the structure of Bricanyl

The compound is used to manage

A. Hypertension

B. Asthma

C. Glaucoma

D. Arrhythmia

E. Hypotension

C

Benzene undergoes what type of reaction

A. Nucleophilic substitution

B. Electrophilic addition

C. Electrophilic substitution

D. Radical reactions

E. Nucleophilic addition

C

Which of the following carbocation intermediate is the most stable?

A. Primary

B. Secondary

C. Tertiary

D. Quaternary

E. NOTA

B

Regioselectivity of an organic reaction in which the orientation of the substituents stabilizes the product is governed by

A. Le Chatelier's Principle

B. Markovnikov's rule

C. Heck reaction

D. Hund's rule

E. Pauli's principle

E

An enol it's not a stable compound because it undergoes

A. electrophilic attack

B. hydrophobic attack

C. Hydrophilic attack

D. hydrogen shift

E. Tautomerization

C

Refer to the structure of Diazepam

The affinity of the drug to the _______ receptor exerts an anxiolytic and hypnotic effects

A. Glutamate

B. Histamine

C. Gamma-aminobutyric acid

D. Glycine

E. Dopamine

B

Refer to the structure of Diazepam

The binding affinity of the compound to its receptor is highly influenced by ______ in its structure

A. Benzene ring

B. Chloro substituted benzene ring

C. Carbonyl moiety

D. Imidazole ring

E. Seven membered heterocyclic nitrogen ring

B

Refer to the structure of Diazepam

Increasing the concentration of _____ ions in the cell makes this drug a sedative-hypnotic

A. Calcium

B. Chloride

C. Phosphate

D. Potassium

E. Sodium

E

Refer to the structure of Diazepam

An essential moiety for this compound to exert its sedative-hypnotic effect

A. Benzene ring

B. Chloro substituted benzene ring

C. Carbonyl moiety

D. Imidazole ring

E. Seven membered heterocyclic nitrogen ring

D

The acetylation of morphine yields

A. Codeine

B. Papaverine

C. Noscapine

D. Heroin

E. Thebaine

C

Primidone is a prodrug that is converted into

A. Entacapone

B. Diazepam

C. Phenobarbital

D. Carbamazepine

E. Aminophylline

C

Refer to the structure of Zovirax

The structure is an analog of

A. Thymine

B. Adenine

C. Guanosine

D. Uracil

E. Cytosine

C

Refer to the structure of Zovirax

What is the difference of the structure of Zovirax to the conventional nucleic acid base?

A. It contains a ribose moiety

B. It contains a deoxyribose moiety

C. It contains an open sugar moiety

D. There is a substituted amino group

E. The hydroxyl group is not attached in the oxygen atom

A

Refer to the structure of Zovirax

The structure of Zovirax competitively inhibits what enzyme?

A. DNA polymerase

B. Reverse transcriptaase

C. Ligase

D. RNA polymerase

E. Protease

D

Refer to the structure of Zovirax

Zovirax is affective against the strain of?

A. Varicella

B. HSV

C. Vesicular stomatitis virus

D. AOTA

E. NOTA

C

In phenols, substitution at _______ position increases bactericidal activity

A. Ortho

B. Meta

C. Para

D. AOTA

E. NOTA

D

C3H6O can be a/an

A. Ketone

B. Ether

C. Aldehyde

D. A and B

E. A and C

A

Zero order drug metabolism

A. Saturable kinetics

B. rate of metabolism is in constant concentration

C. Rate of metabolism is not over time due to the presence of enzymes

D. Dose dependent

E. Constant fraction of the dog is metabolized

B

Carbamazepine undergoes what phase 1 metabolism reaction?

A. Aromatic hydroxylation

B. Olefinic carbon oxidation

C. Oxidative deamination

D. Allylic carbon oxidation

E. Reduction of the -OH group

B

Thiopental is being converted into pentobarbital upon metabolism by what pathway?

A. Oxidation

B. Desulfuration

C. Dealkylation

D. Reduction

E. Direct amine conjugation

A

Which of the following is true about Penciclovir?

A. the structure is similar to Acyclovir, except with the side of oxygen which is replaced by a carbon and a hydroxyl group

B. short half-life and tissues compared to Acyclovir

C. Competes for the viral RNA polymerase and inhibits its synthesis

D. it acts as a chain terminator

E. AOTA

B

The first type of drugs for HIV to be available

A. NNRTI

B. NRTI

C. Entry inhibitors

D. Protease inhibitors

E. Integrase inhibitors

D

Which of the following HIV drugs is also used for hepatitis B infection?

A. Azidothymidine

B. Saquinavir

C. Didanosine

D. Lamivudine

E. Efavirenz

B

Metabolic disorder is commonly seen in what type of HIV drugs?

A. Integrase inhibitors

B. Protease inhibitors

C. NNRTI

D. NRTI

E. Entry inhibitors

A

Acylation of the ring II of aminoglycoside produces

A. Amikacin

B. Streptomycin

C. Tobramycin

D. Gentamicin

E. Kanamycin

D

Coordination of what metal in tetracycline structure increases its activity?

A. Iron

B. Manganese

C. Cobalt

D. Palladium

E. Nickel

B

Glycopeptide exert their mechanism of action via

A. inhibition of 30s ribosomal subunit

B. inhibition of cell wall synthesis

C. inhibition of 50s ribosomal subunit

D. inhibition of DNA gyrase

E. inhibition of cell membrane synthesis

B

Which of the following cephalosporins can cross the blood brain barrier?

A. Cefprozil

B. Cefuroxime

C. Cefalexin

D. Cefmetazole

E. Cefazolin

C

This agent is used to chelate copper in which an excess amount causes Wilson's disease

A. EDTA

B. Dimercaprol

C. Penicillamine

D. BAL

E. Deferoxamine

E

This class of penicillin contains a benzyl moiety that is responsible for its acid labile property

A. Pen V

B. Oxacillin

C. Piperacillin

D. Methicillin

E. Pen G

A

In the Freidles Craft Alkylation of Aromatic rings, what catalyst is needed for the reaction to proceed?

A. Lewis acid

B. Bronsted acid

C. Lewis base

D. Arrhenius base

E. Bronsted base

B

Sulfonamides are synthetic analogs of

A. GABA

B. PABA

C. Tricarboxylic acid

D. Sulfonic acid

E. Carbolic acid

D

Compounds with two or more chiral centers are termed as

A. Epimers

B. Enantiomers

C. Stereoisomers

D. Diastereomers

E. Constitutional isomers

B

Insulin receptors are classified as

A. Ion gated channel receptors

B. tyrosine kinase receptors

C. G protein coupled receptors

D. Gene transcription linked receptor

E. nuclear receptor

D

The efficacy of salicylic acid as well ask but solubility in water as compared to p-hydroxybenzoic acid is greatly affected by what phenomenon?

A. Dipole moment

B. Common ion effect

C. Hydrophobic interactions

D. Hydrogen bonding

E. Electrostatic forces

A

The inhibition of the CYP 450 dependent lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase is the main mechanism of action of?

A. ketoconazole

B. Amphotericin B

C. Azelaic acid

D. Griseofulvin

E. Nystatin

E

Alkylation of aminobenzene will likely proceed to what position?

A. Ortho

B. Ortho and meta

C. Meta and para

D. Para only

E. Ortho and para

A

An aliphatic phenothiazine derivative

A. Chlorpromazine

B. Thioridazine

C. Fluphenazine

D. Perphenazine

E. Clozapine

D

Decarboxylation of L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine produces

A. Tyrosine

B. Epinephrine

C. Ephedrine

D. Dopamine

E. Norepinephrine

D

Drugs with superior lipid solubility usually possesses what moiety?

A. Oxygen

B. Nitrogen

C. Chlorine

D. Sulfur

E. Fluorine

D

The compound that reacts to salicylic acid to make Aspirin is an example of

A. Alcohol

B. Ketone

C. Ether

D. Acid anhydride

E. Ester

D

Aspirin is prone to hydrolysis which of the following is/are the product/s of its hydrolysis

A. Carboxylic acid

B. Alcohol

C. Ester

D. A and B

E. A and C

A

When Aspirin has been hydrolyzed, one of its products produces a keratolytic property, what is the product?

A. Salicylic acid

B. Undecylenic acid

C. Ester

D. Methyl salicylate

E. Alcohol

E

What is the functional group of the major product (Aspirin) has been formed

A. Ether

B. Alcohol

C. Phenolic

D. Carboxylic acid

E. Ester

C

What is the color of the product when Aspirin is treated with Ferric chloride?

A. Blue

B. Violet

C. Yellow

D. Red

E. Colorless

C

Which of the following compounds can be used to synthesize secondary alcohols?

A. Formaldehyde

B. Ethanoic acid

C. Propanone

D. Ethyl ethanoate

E. Tert-butylbromide

B

The following drugs undergo acetylation reaction upon metabolism except

A. Hydralazine

B. Ethanol

C. Isoniazid

D. Procainamide

E. Sulfanilamide

E

Mercury exhibits its antimicrobial action by

A. Hydrolysis and protein denaturation

B. Oxidation of sulfhydryl group

C. Disruption of cytoplasmic membrane

D. Inhibition of protein synthesis

E. Protein denaturation inactivation of the bacterial enzyme

C

Which of the following antibiotics is derived from Streptomyces orientalis

A. Nystatin

B. Bacitracin

C. Vancomycin

D. Amphotericin B

E. Amikacin

B

Diuretic that acts on the thick ascending limb

A. Indapamide

B. Furosemide

C. Acetazolamide

D. Amiloride

E. Mannitol

B

This is a butyrophenone derived antipsychotic agent that is frequently used for Tourette's syndrome

A. Clozaril

B. Haldol

C. Thorazine

D. Daxoline

E. Zoloft

C

This compound is the basis of the synthesis of thiazide diuretics by treating with acylating agents

A. Acetazolamide

B. Dichlorphenamide

C. Chloraminophenamide

D. Methazolamide

E. Indapamide

B

A non-prodrug ACE inhibitor

A. Quinapril

B. Captopril

C. Fosinopril

D. Enalapril

E. Imidapril

B

Refer to the structure of Azithromycin

Compound such as azithromycin process the following characteristics, except

A. Large lactone ring

B. Ketone group

C. Ether group

D. Alkyl group

E. Glycosidically linked sugar