quiz #3 crime & society

rational choice perspectives

people weigh the pros and cons before committing a criminal acts

routine activities theory

what we do is linked to victimization such as a motivated offender, a suitable target, lack of a capable guardian or crime facilitators (like you can’t commit some crimes without a weapon)

cpted

designing and altering physical spaces to discourage unwanted behaviour

lombroso and ferrero

women are supposedly less evolved, less intelligent and more passive then men

pollak

women’s offending is rooted in physiology. women wish they were more like men which is why they commit crimes; because they are so angry

sex role theory

socialization is reflected in offending patterns. girls are raised to be more passive and boys are raised to be more aggressive and ambitious

power control theory

about family structure: patriarchal and egalitarian families parent differently which makes women’s offending different

liberation theory

women are becoming more like men, therefore committing crimes like men

kruttschnitt & carbone-lopez

focusing solely on victimization disregards women’s agency and the ability to make rational choices. women can engage in crime not just because they are victimized.

messerschmidt

we all “DO” gender. crime is used as a resource to accomplish masculinity. the argument is that crime is a resource for some men to demonstrate their masculinity when other resources are not available.

marxist criminology

capitalism creates the conditions for crime to occur

marxist criminology: instrumentals

the state is under direct control of the ruling class and the criminal legal system is a tool

marxist criminology: structural

the state has relative autonomy. it is not under control of those in the ruling class and instead there is impartiality and objectivity in the legal system

quinney

most associated with marxist criminology. behaviours that have been categorized as crimes conflict with the interests of the powerful

left realism

crime causes real harm to the most marginalized members of society. alternatives to prison and pre-emptive deterrence.

differential association theory

individuals with relationships with pro criminal actors are more likely to engage in crime behaviour. frequency, intensity and duration and the priority of the relationship are important

state crime

state or political crime can be understood as criminal acts by individuals or groups who oppose a government or its practices for example terrorism, law enforcement or criminal justice system

illegal domestic surveillance

reading mailed letters, searching packages, listening to telephone conversations

human rights violations

extreme use of corporal punishment such as torture in an interrogation the denial of a civil rights and detention without trial, hard labor

state corporate crime

granting special privileges to specific private corporations and not to others based on some degree of conflict of interest of outright bribery.

state violence

death squads that kill suspected political opponents or other undesirable or marginalized social, racial or ethnic groups

critical criminology

challenges the traditional, positivist understanding of crime and crime control. it questions how crime is constructed and how crime is a product of social structure

foucault

emergence of a disciplinary society. schools, workplaces, they all work to discipline us through observation and surveillance

foucault - docile bodies

modern institutions such as prisons or schools train individuals to be obedient, efficient, and controlled and docile. such as only permitting breaks at certain times or constantly surveilling people

cultural criminology

ferell refers to this as a loose federation of outlaw intellectual critiques. it explores messy topics and questions related to meaning, representation, emotion and image. does not try to identify offending and instead takes a constructionist approach which says crime is constructed and not a real thing

green criminology

interdisciplinary collection of perspectives that coalesce around the study of harms against the environment as well as human and non human animals. encourages us to focus on what we have decided as street crime and now we can consider harms of the environment and animals street crime

cunnenn and tauri

criminology is guilty of marginalizing indigenous experiences, knowledges, and voices

deckert

there is a lack of scholarly publications that focus on indigenous peoples in criminal justice contexts. criminology really only aims to detect why crime is happening and not people in positions of power. doing research on instead of with indigenous communities is problematic.

comack: corporate colonialism & crime

the united states did not follow through with their treaty with indigenous groups and this is classified as fraud with comack. comack says we should take into consideration why something is a crime compared to something else (benefitting those in power). the origin of the criminal state is about seizing indigenous lands for capitalist purposes. it is about the extracting of resources.

neoliberalism in criminology

privilege of the market, of profit. education and productivity are emphasized in society so students are repositioned as consumers in this market

markers of entaglement

criminology keeps power relations present through keeping prisons running, legal positions (co-ops), maintains the crime problem rather than thinking critically, allows criminal legal system to be applied in other degrees

lynch

criminology is a social science that maintains the status quo and preserves existing power structures + upholds capitalism

saleh-hannah

settler colonial societies socialize members of the dominant group to view racialized and indigenous populations as savage, backwards and immoral and in need of more state control

sims-bruno

criminological theories were developed using the white racial frame. upholds white supremacy through the negative portrayal of people of colour

abolition

dismantling and reimagining how we understand harm, violence, safety and justice. recognizing the criminal legal system as a primary source of harm and that it maintains power relations and coercive control

brown and schept

criminology has long played an active role in legitmating the state control of marginalized and racialized populations