Acids, Bases, and Salts

These flashcards cover key concepts related to acids, bases, and salts, including definitions, characteristics, reactions, classifications, and everyday applications.

What is the definition of an acid?

An acid is a substance that reacts with a base to form a salt and water.

What do all acids contain in their formula?

All acids contain hydrogen in their formulae.

What ions do acids form when dissolved in water?

Acids form hydrogen ions (H+) and negative anions when dissolved in water.

What is a monobasic acid?

A monobasic acid produces one hydrogen ion (H+) per molecule when dissolved in water.

What is an example of a dibasic acid?

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is an example of a dibasic acid.

What do hydroxide ions (OH-) react with in neutralisation reactions?

Hydroxide ions (OH-) react with hydrogen ions (H+) to form water.

What is an amphoteric substance?

An amphoteric substance can react with both acids and strong alkalis.

What do strong acids do when dissolved in water?

Strong acids fully ionise when dissolved in water.

What is the pH value of a neutral solution?

A neutral solution has a pH value of 7.

What is water of crystallisation?

Water of crystallisation is a fixed number of water molecules contained within hydrated salts.

What method is used to prepare soluble salts?

Soluble salts can be prepared by reacting a reactive metal, an insoluble carbonate, or an alkali with an acid.

What are the characteristics of an aqueous acid?

Aqueous acids are sour, change blue litmus to red, have a pH less than 7, are corrosive, and conduct electricity.

What chemical reaction occurs between an acid and a base?

An acid and a base react to produce a salt and water.

What is the purpose of using indicators in titration?

Indicators are used to observe the neutralisation point during titration.

What happens to the colour of phenolphthalein in an acidic solution?

In an acidic solution, phenolphthalein is colourless.

What is the general effect of excess sodium chloride consumption on health?

Excessive consumption of sodium chloride can lead to hypertension (high blood pressure).

What is a normal salt?

A normal salt is formed when all hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions.

What is the main characteristic of a weak acid when dissolved in water?

A weak acid is partially ionised when dissolved in water.

What type of acid is nitric acid?

Nitric acid (HNO3) is classified as a strong acid.

What is the role of sodium carbonate in hard water?

Sodium carbonate softens hard water, allowing it to lather with soap.