7 Functional Groups

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Last updated 6:00 AM on 8/27/26
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7 Terms

1
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Hydroxyl

-OH

alcohols

always polar

can form hydrogen bonds w/ H2O molecules

2
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Carboxyl

-COOH

carboxylic acids

has acidic properties (source of hydrogen ions)

found in cells in ionized form with charge oh 1⁻

3
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Carbonyl

>CO

KETONE if is within skeleton

ALDEHYDE if group is at end of skeleton

K & A may be structural isomers

determines 2 sugars (ketose & aldose)

4
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Amino

-NH₂

amines

acts as a base, can pick up H+ ions from surrounding solution

ionized w/ charge of 1⁺

5
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Methyl

CH₃

addition of it to RNA/DNA affects gene expression

6
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Phosphate

-OPO₃²⁻

organic phosphates

contributes negative charge

necessary for ATP and nucleic acids

7
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Sulfhydryl

-SH

thiols

crosslinking helps stabilize protein structure