sts people

Johannes Gutenberg

First movable printing press

Dante

Father of Italian Poetry

Francesco Petrarca

Father of Humanism

Leonardo da Vinci

Painter, sculptor & scientist known for his works Mona Lisa, Vitruvian Man, The Last Supper

Michelangelo

Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican

Raphael

Painted the School of Athens & The Sistine Madonna

Nicolaus Copernicus

Proponent of the Heliocentric Theory

Galileo Galilei

Proved Copernicus’s theory to be correct

Sir Isaac Newton

• Discovered the Law of Universal Gravitation & validated the Heliocentric Theory through mathematical description of the motion of the earth & other celestial bodies around the sun

• Use of fuel due to demand for  mass production, lessening the use of animals & humans for mechanical work and employment of machines for various purposes; invention of the blast furnace to produce industrial metals

Jethro Tull

Seed drill – spaced seed evenly embedded in the soil reducing the seed required

Thomas Newcomen

1st developed the steam engine that would prevent flooding in the Cornwall mines

James Watt

Truly developed the steam engine w/ separate condenser

Richard Trevithick

  1st locomotive, an engine or rail transport vehicle

George Stephenson

 Father of Railways, designed an effective locomotive used to tow coal in Northumberland (England)

Robert Fulton

Clermont steam boat

Tobern Bergman

Discovered the importance of carbon in steel

Henry Bessemer & William Kelly  

Improved the methods of manufacturing steel from iron

Robert Mushet

Discovered an alloy of iron that combined carbon & manganese with the formed iron

John Kay

 Flying shuttle – increase the output for yarn

James Hargreaves

 Spinning jenny (saxon wheel) – able to spin more than one spindle at a time

Richard Arkwright

 water frame – textile machine powered by water not by hand

Samuel Crompton

  spinning mule – combine the features of the spinning jenny & water frame

Edmund Cartwright

power loom for spinning & weaving

Eli Whitney

 cotton gin – a machine that multiplied the amount of cotton that could be cleaned

Thomas Saint

submitted a patent for a mechanized sewing machine

Barthelemy Thimonnier

invented the chain stitch

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

Coulomb’s Law

Joseph Priestley

Discovered oxygen gas by collecting colorless gas from heated mercury

Antoine Lavoisier

Named the colorless gas oxygen, explained the reaction of substances that contained carbon with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water , published his research on the law of Conservation of Mass that dubbed him as the “Father of Modern Chemistry”

John Dalton

Proposed the Atomic Theory

Hans Christian Oersted

Discovered that electric current produces magnetic field

Michael Faraday

Constructed his 1st crude electric motor

James Clerk Maxwell

Formulated a theory on electromagnetic radiation

George Johnstone Stoney

Proposed the theory that electrons have fundamental quantities of electricity

William Crookes

Discovered the cathode rays

Heinrich Geissler

Created the vacuum tube utilized by William Crookes

Ernest Rutherford

Discovered the positive particles called protons

Wilhelm Roentgen

Discovered x-rays

J.J. Thompson

Discovered the electrons

Henri Bequerel

Discovered Radioactivity

Marie Curie and Pierre Curie

Discovered radioactive elements uranium, thorium, radium, polonium

Alexander Graham Bell

Filed a patent for the telephone

Carolus Linnaeus

Father of Taxonomy

James Hutton

Proposed that there are gradual mechanisms on earth that explains the variability of fossils

Georges Cuvier

Pioneer in the field of Paleontology

Charles Lyell

Proposed the Principle of Uniformitarianism

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

Proposed the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Charles Darwin

Published the “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”

Gregor Mendel

Father of Genetics

Max Planck

Originator of the discovery of quantum theory

Albert Einstein

Established the theory of Relativity; explained the photoelectric effect

Erwin Schrodinger

Proposed the equation on quantum mechanics

Robert Goddard

Launched the first rocket

James Chadwick

Discovered the neutron

Oswald Avery

Discovered that genes & chromosomes are carried by DNA cells

Francis Crick and James Wattson

Proposed the double helix DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Alexander Fleming

Discovered Penicillin

Howard Florey and Ernst Chain

Developed the first antibiotic that could be mass produced

Niels Jerne

Expounded the antibody formation process

Jonas Salk

Developed the first polio vaccine

Albert Sabin

Improved on Salk’s & produced the oral polio vaccine

Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo

Discovered the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

Dolly

First cloned animal (sheep)

Apollo 11

Spacecraft that landed on the moon in 1969

Orville & Wilbur Wright

Launched the first manned engine-powered aircraft (1903)

Henry Ford

Launched the first model of the automobile (1908)

Sputnik

First Artificial Satellite (1957)