sts people


Johannes Gutenberg

  • 1st movable printing press

Dante

  • Father of Italian Poetry

Francesco Petrarca 

  • Father of Humanism



Leonardo da Vinci 

  • Painter, sculptor & scientist known for his works Mona Lisa, Vitruvian Man, The Last Supper

Michelangelo

  • Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican

Raphael

  • Painted the School of Athens & The Sistine Madonna

Nicolaus Copernicus

  • Proponent of the Heliocentric Theory

Galileo Galilei

  • Proved Copernicus’s theory to be correct

Sir Isaac Newton

  • Discovered the Law of Universal Gravitation & validated the Heliocentric Theory through mathematical description of the motion of the earth & other celestial bodies around the sun

  • Use of fuel due to demand for  mass production, lessening the use of animals & humans for mechanical work and employment of machines for various purposes; invention of the blast furnace to produce industrial metals

Agricultural techniques were developed

  • Sheep farming became popular, use of scythe for cutting crops & b grasses

Jethro Tull

  • Seed drill – spaced seed evenly embedded in the soil reducing the seed required

Thomas Newcomen

  •   1st developed the steam engine that would prevent flooding in the Cornwall mines

James Watt

  •   Truly developed the steam engine w/ separate condenser

Richard Trevithick 

  •   1st locomotive, an engine or rail transport vehicle

George Stephenson

  •   Father of Railways, designed an effective locomotive used to tow coal in Northumberland (England)


Robert Fulton

  •  Clermont steam boat

Iron and Steel Industry

Tobern Bergman

  •   Discovered the importance of carbon in steel

Henry Bessemer & William Kelly  

  •   Improved the methods of manufacturing steel from iron

Robert Mushet

  •   Discovered an alloy of iron that combined carbon & manganese with the formed iron

Textile Industry

John Kay

  •    Flying shuttle – increase the output for yarn

James Hargreaves

  •   Spinning jenny (saxon wheel) – able to spin more than one spindle at a time

Richard Arkwright

  •    water frame – textile machine powered by water not by hand

Samuel Crompton

  •   spinning mule – combine the features of the spinning jenny & water frame

Edmund Cartwright

  •   power loom for spinning & weaving

Eli Whitney

  •   cotton gin – a machine that multiplied the amount of cotton that could be cleaned

Thomas Saint

  •   submitted a patent for a mechanized sewing machine

Barthelemy Thimonnier

  • Invented the chain stitch

  1. Charles-Augustin de Coulomb - Coulomb’s Law

  2. Joseph Priestley - Discovered oxygen gas by collecting colorless gas from heated mercury

  3. Antoine Lavoisier - Named the colorless gas oxygen, explained the reaction of substances that contained carbon with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water , published his research on the law of Conservation of Mass that dubbed him as the “Father of Modern Chemistry”

  4. John Dalton - Proposed the Atomic Theory

  5. Hans Christian Oersted - Discovered that electric current produces magnetic field

  6. Michael Faraday - Constructed his 1st crude electric motor

  7. James Clerk Maxwell - Formulated a theory on electromagnetic radiation

  8. George Johnstone Stoney - Proposed the theory that electrons have fundamental quantities of electricity

  9. William Crookes - Discovered the cathode rays

  10. Heinrich Geissler - Created the vacuum tube utilized by William Crookes

  11. Ernest Rutherford - Discovered the positive particles called protons

  12. Wilhelm Roentgen - Discovered x-rays

  13. J.J. Thompson - Discovered the electrons

  14. Henri Bequerel - Discovered Radioactivity

  15. Marie Curie and Pierre Curie - Discovered radioactive elements uranium, thorium, radium, polonium

  16. Alexander Graham Bell - Filed a patent for the telephone

  17. Carolus Linnaeus - Father of Taxonomy

  18. James Hutton - Proposed that there are gradual mechanisms on earth that explains the variability of fossils

  19. Georges Cuvier - Pioneer in the field of Paleontology

  20. Charles Lyell - Proposed the Principle of Uniformitarianism

  21. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck - Proposed the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

  22. Charles Darwin - Published the “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”

  23. Gregor Mendel - Father of Genetics

  24. Max Planck - Originator of the discovery of quantum theory

  25. Albert Einstein - Established the theory of Relativity; explained the photoelectric effect

  26. Erwin Schrodinger - Proposed the equation on quantum mechanics

  27. Robert Goddard - Launched the first rocket

  28. James Chadwick - Discovered the neutron

  29. Oswald Avery - Discovered that genes & chromosomes are carried by DNA cells

  30. Francis Crick and James Wattson - Proposed the double helix DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

  31. Alexander Fleming - Discovered Penicillin

  32. Howard Florey and Ernst Chain - Developed the first antibiotic that could be mass produced

  33. Niels Jerne - Expounded the antibody formation process

  34. Jonas Salk - Developed the first polio vaccine

  35. Albert Sabin - Improved on Salk’s & produced the oral polio vaccine

  36. Luc Montagnier and Robert Gallo - Discovered the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

  37. Dolly - First cloned animal (sheep)

  38. Apollo 11 - Spacecraft that landed on the moon in 1969

  39. Orville & Wilbur Wright - Launched the first manned engine-powered aircraft (1903)

  40. Henry Ford - Launched the first model of the automobile (1908)

  41. Sputnik - First Artificial Satellite (1957)