Hormones Regulating Glucose, Calcium and Sleep

Calcitonin

Define: hormone secreted by the thyroid to help regulate blood calcium.

Thyroid Gland

Calcitonin is released out of the ___.

Increase

Calcitonin is released in response to a(n) ___ in blood calcium.

Osteoclast

Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels by decreasing ___ activity.

Osteoblast

Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels by increasing ___ activity.

Osteoclast

Define: cells that release calcium from the bone.

Osteoblast

Define: cells that store calcium into the bone.

Kidney

Calcitonin inhibits calcium reabsorption in the ___.

Urine

Calcitonin promotes calcium excretion in the ___.

Parathyroid Glands

Define: four small glands which regulate the calcium of the body.

Parathyroid Hormone

Define: hormone secreted by parathyroid glands that helps to regulate calcium.

Decrease

Parathyroid Hormone is released in response to a(n) ___ in blood calcium.

Calcium

Parathyroid Hormone increases blood ___ levels.

Phosphate

Parathyroid Hormone decreases blood ___ levels.

Osteoclast

Parathyroid Hormone increases blood calcium levels by increasing ___ activity.

Osteoblast

Parathyroid Hormone decreases blood calcium levels by decreasing ___ activity.

D

Parathyroid Hormone stimulates the production of vitamin ___ to increase absorption of calcium into the blood.

Islets of Langerhans

The pancreas consists of groupings of cells known as the ___.

Glucagon

Alpha cells secrete the hormone ___.

Insulin

Beta cells secrete the hormone ___.

Somatostatin

Delta cells secrete the hormone ___.

Glucagon

Define: the hormone secreted by the pancreas that helps to increase blood glucose.

Pancreas

Glucagon is released out of the ___.

Decrease

Glucagon is secreted in response to a(n) ___ in blood glucose levels.

Glucose

Glucagon increases blood ___ levels.

Glycogenolysis

Define: the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.

Gluconeogenesis

Define: the breakdown of non-carbohydrates into glucose.

Glucagon

Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis are triggered by the hormone ___.

Insulin

Define: hormone secreted by the pancreas that helps to decrease blood glucose.

Pancreas

Insulin is released out of the ___.

Increase

Insulin is secreted in response to a(n) ___ in blood glucose levels.

Glucose

Insulin decreases blood ___ levels.

Insulin

Gluconeogenesis is inhibited by the hormone ___.

Protein

Insulin stimulates ___ synthesis.

Somatostatin

Define: the hormone used to stop the release of insulin and glucagon.

Pancreas

Somatostatin is released out of the ___.

Glucose

Cortisol increases blood ___ levels.

Gluconeogenesis

Cortisol increases glucose through the process ___.

Melatonin

Define: the hormone involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles.

Pineal Gland

Define: the gland that receives information about the state of the light-dark cycle from the environment.

Pineal Gland

Melatonin is released out of the ___.

Serotonin

Melatonin is synthesized from the neurotransmitter ___.

Thymus Gland

Define: a lymphoid organ situated in the neck of vertebrates that produces T-cells for the immune system.