Sociology Unit 2

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50 Terms

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Culture
language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and objects that are handed down from the generation to the next
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Material Culture
Can touch it

* bible
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nonmaterial culture
cannot touch it

* ideas and beliefs
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Ethnocentrism
judgmental evaluation of other cultures
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cultural relativity
objective, nonjudgmental, study under groups own terms
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Culture shock
different from own culture, causes disorientation
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Value
standards, non material, dictates norms

* achievement/success
* freedom
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Norm
behaviors based off of values

* maintaining eye contact
* shaking hands
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Folkway
if you break, nothing will happen to you

* walking on the wrong side of the hallway
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More
something will happen to you if you break

* law violation
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taboo
brings revolution if you break it

* incest
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moral holiday
time period/location which you put all morals to the side
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positive sanctions
show acceptance, rewards and money
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negative sanctions
show disapproval, finds and jail
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symbol
people attach meaning, use to communicate with others
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gestures
movement of the body to communicate with others
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language
symbols that can be helpful in communicating abstract thoughts
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subculture
values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture

* geeks, goths, preppy
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counterculture
groups whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture

* hells angles gang
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cultural lag
when parts of a culture dont change at the same time

* delay in technology use=lag in knowledge
* customers havent caught up with tech. so we still visit doctors
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value cluster
values that together form a larger whole

* education+hard work
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value contradictions
values that go against each other

* religiosity+science
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cultural diffusion
spread of traits from one group to another

* adopting new weapons/tools
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cultural leveling
cultures become more and more similar

* McDonalds in other countries
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
language shapes our thoughts+perceptions, language determines our consciousness+perception of objects/events
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Cultural universal
values, norms, other cultural traits that are found in every group

* marriage
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why is language important
allows human experience to be cumulative, allows culture to develop
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blinding of individualism
see unsuccessful as lazy, but fail to see circumstances
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social stratification
division of nations, layering of people/groups within a nation
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Davis and Moores explanation for social stratification
positions in society are more important than others, more important jobs require more qualified people, attract people with power+prestige
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conflict theory criticism of Davis+Moore
society isnt meritocracy, most important job doesnt mean most money
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wealth
property, stuff you own
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income
what you make, job
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prestige
level of repect/regard
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power
ability to impose will on someone else
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gilbert and kahls 6 level of social class model
1% highest class (capitalist class)
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status inconsistency
ranking is different in different categories
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wealth distribution
average worker makes $44,000(11ft block)

average capitalist makes 29,000ft block

top 20% are 50.2% of income

poorest 20% are 33% of income
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myths about the poor
lazy, have criminal records, lack education, live off of handouts from gov
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physical health
rich have better health b/c they can pay for it
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mental health
rich are less stressed, can pay for therapy
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education
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politics
rich= republican

poor=democrat
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crime
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dating
rich have a harder time, smaller field to choose from
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intergenerational mobility
change that family members make in social class from one generation to the next
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upward mobility
movement up the social class ladder
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downward mobility
movement down the social class ladder
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structural mobility
structural change in society

* jobs/moving overseas
* robots doing jobs (automization)
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exchange mobility
certain % goes up, same % goes down