APUSH Time Period 4

Thomas Jefferson

First Democratic-Republican president, 1801-1808.

Louisiana Purchase

Acquisition of vast land from France in 1803.

Lewis and Clark

Explorers tasked with mapping the Louisiana Territory.

Embargo Act of 1807

Prohibited all trade due to foreign conflicts.

James Madison

Fourth president, served from 1809-1816.

Non-Intercourse Act

Reopened trade except with Britain and France.

Macon's Bill No. 2

Allowed trade with Britain and France, inciting war.

War of 1812

Conflict between America and Britain, 1812-1815.

Treaty of Ghent

Ended War of 1812 without territorial changes.

Hartford Convention

Federalist meeting to discuss secession during War of 1812.

James Monroe

Fifth president, served from 1817-1824.

Era of Good Feelings

Period of political harmony under Monroe's presidency.

John Marshall

Chief Justice who established judicial review.

Panic of 1819

Economic downturn following rapid market growth.

Monroe Doctrine

Policy opposing European colonization in Americas, 1823.

Missouri Compromise

Regulated slavery in new states, established 36°30° line.

Abolitionism

Movement to end slavery, gaining momentum in this period.

Nativism

Anti-immigrant sentiment prevalent during this era.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival movement emphasizing individual piety.

Market Revolution

Economic transformation driven by transportation and technology.

Interstate Commerce

Federal regulation of trade between states.

Corrupt Bargain

Election of 1824 controversy between Adams and Clay.

John Quincy Adams

6th U.S. President (1825-1828) with limited influence.

Andrew Jackson

7th U.S. President (1829-1836), championed the common man.

Spoils System

Rewarding political supporters with government jobs.

Jacksonian Democracy

Political philosophy favoring common man's rights.

Electoral College

System for electing the President, developed by Jackson.

Indian Removal Act

Policy for relocating Native Americans instead of assimilating.

Nullification Debate

Conflict over states' rights vs federal authority.

Tariff of Abominations

1828 high tariff causing Southern discontent.

Panic of 1837

Economic crisis triggered by Jackson's bank policies.

Whigs

Political party promoting government activism post-Jackson.

Henry Clay

Political leader known for key compromises.

Clay's American System

Economic plan for self-sufficiency and protective tariffs.

Second National Bank

Bank removed by Jackson, leading to economic instability.

Market Revolution

Rapid growth in American manufacturing and business.

Nationalism

Increased pride and unity in America post-1812.

Compromise

Agreement to resolve conflicts, notably by Clay.

States' Rights

The belief in state power over federal government.

Westward Expansion

Movement of settlers into new territories after 1812.

Economic Self-Sufficiency

Ability of America to sustain its economy independently.

Voting Rights Expansion

Increased suffrage for all white men under Jackson.

Sectionalism

Regional differences in economy and culture across the U.S.

North

Industrialized region with a market economy and businesses.

West

Region focused on commercial farming and crop sales.

South

Agricultural region dependent on cash crops like cotton.

Technology

Advancements that boosted industry and production speed.

Factories

Manufacturing sites that produce goods in large quantities.

Telegraph

Communication system enabling long-distance transactions.

Cotton Gin

Eli Whitney's invention that revolutionized cotton processing.

Interchangeable Parts

Standardized components that simplify manufacturing and repair.

Infrastructure

Physical structures supporting economic activities, like railroads.

Nativism

Prejudice against immigrants and foreign influences.

Temperance Movement

Campaign against alcohol consumption, led by women.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival emphasizing personal salvation and moral reform.

Abolitionist Movement

Campaign to end slavery in the United States.

William Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist who published critical views on slavery.

Indian Removal Act

Policy leading to forced relocation of Native Americans.

Trail of Tears

Forced journey of Native Americans to reservation lands.

Cherokee

Assimilated tribe forcibly removed from their lands.

Black Codes

Laws restricting the rights of African Americans in the South.

Kinship Ties

Family-like bonds among enslaved individuals for support.

Women's Rights Movement

Advocacy for women's political and social equality.

Slavery Increase

Growth in chattel slavery due to cotton demand.

Social Structure

Hierarchical organization of society, affecting mobility.

Immigrant Influence

Population growth and cultural changes from Irish and German immigrants.