Behavior Disorders Exam 2

fear

Immediate response to danger

anxiety

future-oriented mood state

panic attack

can either be cued or uncued (expected or unexpected). Cued are most likely to happen when you are doing something you know you are afraid of (heights, enclosed spaces, etc). Uncued are likely to occur out of nowhere with no warning.

panic disorder

recurrent, unexpected attacks followed by 1+ months of concern/worry and change in behavior. The attacks can lead you to think that you are dying or having a heart attack.

agoraphobia

fear/avoidance of situations where escape would be difficult. Refuses to leave the house unless they have a safe person.

generalized anxiety disorder

excessive or unreasonable worry that is difficult to control. Must last at least 6 months & present some physical symptoms. General worry about anything and everything.

social anxiety disorder

fear of negative evaluation in public places. Has a gradual onset.

selective mutism

lack of speaking in settings where it is expected/acceptable to do so. Diagnosed in kids. Connection to PTSD in some cases.

separation anxiety

fear of harm to self or attachment figure that would cause a separation. Diagnosed in kids.

behavioral inhibition

temperament trait characterized by a hesitancy to interact with novel people and situations. Increases the likeliness to develop social anxiety. Can be diagnosed in infants as young as 4 months.

specific phobia

fear of a specific object or situation that is obsessive and/or unreasonable. Most common disorder.

PTSD

traumatic event followed by mood/physical changes & symptoms. Causes flashbacks that make the person feel as if they are back in the situation. Can develop soon after the event, or months to years after. Presents differently depending on the trauma.

acute-stress disorder

a milder form of PTSD. Symptoms develop within a month after the event and don’t last as long.

prolonged grief disorder

intense longing for/preoccupation with a loved one who died 1+ years ago. The grief is extremely impairing, even after much time.

adjustment disorder

milder cases of anxiety or depression

attachment disorder

kids have a hard time forming relationships with caretakers

OCD

obsessions and/or compulsions that are either time-consuming or impairing. Symmetry/exactness, Cleanliness/contamination, and Forbidden thoughts/actions.

body dysmorphic disorder

preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance. Suicide rates are the highest. It can lead to psychosis and attempts at self-surgery.

hoarding

people refusing to part with objects that have no real value/meaning. They try to justify the reason for their keeping their possessions.

trichotillomania

hair pulling

excoriation

skin picking

major depressive episode

extremely depressed for at least 2 weeks with no breaks, all day, every day. Tends to be recurrent (the more episodes a person has, the more likely they are to have more).

mania

elevated/expansive mood for at least one week. Raises self-esteem, engagement in risky behavior, less sleep, more talkative/energetic.

hypomania

less severe mania

mixed features

mood disorder with symptoms of depression and mania

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

mood disorder following the menstrual cycle

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

diagnosis for BPD in kids ages 6-18

persistent depressive episode

a depressive episode that lasts for at least 2 years with no more than a 2-month break in symptoms.

double depression

experiences both major depression and persistent depression

bipolar I

alternated between mania and depression

bipolar II

alternates between hypomania and depression

Cyclothymic disorder

alternating between hypomania and less severe depression

rapid cycling bipolar

alternating quickly between depression and mania

somatic symptoms

excessive/maladaptive response to physical symptoms or health concerns. The symptoms may or may not have known medical causes. Causes impairment in social/occupational functioning.

illness anxiety

excessive fear of contracting a disease

psychological factors affecting medical condition

indicates that psychological variables may contribute to a general medical issue.

conversion disorder

known as functional neurological symptom disorder. Altered motor/sensory functioning that is inconsistent with neurological or other medical conditions (blindness, paralysis). Could be the result of trauma. Is extremely rare.

Munchausen

purposely inducing physical symptoms to gain attention/sympathy from others. Used as a form of child abuse

malingering

purposely inducing physical symptoms for a specific gain.

depersonalization/derealization

recurrent episodes in which a person has sensations of unreality of one’s body or surroundings.

dissociative identity disorder

formerly known as multiple personality disorder. Adoption of new personalities that are not aware of one another and could have nothing in common.

dissociative amnesia

different forms of memory loss; generalized- remembering nothing or localized- not remembering something specific (trauma related). Can cause dissociative fugue (wandering).

bulimia

extreme concern with body shape/size. Purging, excessive exercise, food restriction. Purging does nothing good, it causes more weight gain.

anorexia

extreme weight loss due to restrictive eating. Intense fear of weight gain. It is extremely hard to treat in some cases and is the most deadly disorder.

binge-eating

excessive and uncontrollable binging without purging. No concern about weight needs to be present. Only binging on unhealthy, fatty, and sugary foods.

obesity

is not a disorder, but relates to some. Body mass index of 30 or higher.

chronotype

morning vs. evening. Interrupted circadian clock by environmental factors (getting up early or staying up late).

social jetlag

changing of daily schedule due to social activity that affects sleep. Most common in adolescence during development.

dysomnia

difficulty in amount, time or quality of sleep

parasomnia

abnormal events that occur during sleep

insomnia

difficulty with maintaining sleep

hypersomnolence

sleeping too much

narcolepsy

falling asleep randomly

obstructive sleep apnea

airflow stops during sleep. Associated with age and obesity. Most common.

central sleep apnea

breathing stops periodically

sleep related hypoventillation

decreased breathing during sleep

circadian rhythm

disturbed sleep b/c of brain patterns

etiology

onset and course of disease

comorbidities

experiencing 2 disorders at the same time