HRMS 2

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6 Terms

1
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What is the relationship between reproductive system hormones and thyroid hormones?

Permissive

2
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What is the relationship between glucagon and epinephrine?

Synergistic

3
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What are the three major types of stimuli that initiate hormone release?

  1. Hormonal Stimulation

    • One hormone triggers release of another

    • Example: TSH from pituitary → Thyroid hormone release

  2. Humoral Stimulation

    • Blood levels of ions/nutrients trigger hormone release

    • Example: High glucose → Insulin from pancreas

  3. Nervous System Stimulation

    • Nerve signals trigger hormone release

Example: Stress → Sympathetic nerves → Adrenal medulla → Epinephrine

4
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What is the relationship between the pituitary gland and hypothalamus?

The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland, which in turn controls other endocrine glands.

5
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What are the steps involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormone?

  1. Iodine enters the thyroid gland via active transport.

  2. Follicular cells produce thyroglobulin.

  3. Iodine binds to tyrosine (in thyroglobulin).

  4. Forms T3 and T4 hormones.

  5. T3 and T4 are stored in the thyroid.

When needed, they are released into the blood to regulate metabolism and energy use.

6
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Why might symptoms of hyperthyroidism be confused with a disorder of the autonomic nervous system?

  • Grave’s Disease causes excessive thyroid hormone release due to autoantibodies mimicking TSH.

  • Symptoms (e.g., rapid heart rate, anxiety, sweating) overlap with sympathetic nervous system activation.

This leads to confusion between hyperthyroidism and autonomic disorders.