BY 102 Unit 2

What country is the svalbard seed bank in

Norway

what type of tissue is the xylem

vascular

what does a xylem do

it distributes water

What is the function of a cuticle

helps reduce water loss by evaporation

What specialization evolved in land plants to allow for reproduction in dry conditions

sporophyte dominance

Bryophyte reproduction (spores)

produced by meiosis

Bryophyte reproduction (gametes)

produced by mitosis

Describe fertilization process in ferns

Spores are released, they then germinate and grow into into tiny gametophytes that produce eggs and sperm. The sperm then swims to and fertilizes the eggs. The produced sporophyte begins its development attached to the gametophyte, but it continues to grow and live independently after the gametophyte dies

conifers

trees and shrubs with woody cones with needle or scale like leaves

cycads

gymnosperms that resemble palms and are native to dry tropics and subtropic regions

Dependence on animal vectors for fertilization and dispersal is characteristic of many species of

angiosperms

examples of monocots

wheat, grass, and palm trees

examples of dicots

maple trees

characteristics of monocots and dicots

ch 22 slide 42

fabrics made from angiosperms

linen, cotton, hemp, burlap, ramie

characteristics of bilaterally symmetrical animals

most all are deuterostomes and most have a digestive track with openings at both ends

deuterostomes

mouth develops from second embryonic opening

what do deuterostomes include

some invertebrates and all vertebrates

characteristics of animals

Multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophs, contain sensory organs, ability to move, internal digestion, and sexual reproduction

porifera feeding

suspension feeders (filter food from surrounding water)

function of a flatworms pharynx

muscular tube that sucks food into gastrovascular cavity

examples of flatworms

planarian, fluke, and tapeworm

bivalve

2 part shell, large foot for digging

what happens to tardigrades during extended periods of dehydration

they become dormant (suspended animation)

features of arthropods

hard jointed external skeleton, jointed appendages, exoskeleton, compound eyes, and antennae

centipedes have…

a flattened body with many similar segments and are fast moving predators and have 30 - 50 legs

milipedes have…

a few hundred pairs of legs

Which group of arthropods can be distinguished from other groups by its two pairs of antennae

krill and copepods

examples of echinoderms

Sea Stars, Sea Cucumbers, Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars, Brittle Stars

features of ALL vertebrates

Internal skeleton, muscles, protective skin, circulative blood through the vessels, advanced nervous system, head and brain

what can the feeding habits of lampreys be best described as

parasitic

what features are jaws thought to have evolved from

the support structures of gill slits and arches

placoderms

They lived during the Devonian period, they have bony amor covering their head and neck, and they have no teeth instead they have sharp bony plates, some were very large, they have paried pelvic fins and paired pectoral fins, and they give birth young

placoderm example

ancient jawed fish

reasons for declining amphibian populations

their thin, scaleless skin makes them susceptible to parasites pathogens and pollutants. Also habitat loss, the introduction of new species, and climate change.

amniotes differ from earlier vertebrates by

their eggs do not need water

characteristics of turtles

they return to land to lay their eggs and are highly endangered

features of turtles

There are 300 species of , they have keratin-covered shells that attaches to their skeleton, and they are toothless

characteristics and features of crocodilians

They are predators, they spend most of their time in water, they have a four chambered heart, and they have powerful jaws

characteristics and features of snakes

They are the most diverse group of modern reptiles. They have flexible skull bones, hinged jaws, and a three chambered heart. Snakes are carnivores and they use internal fertalization. They also have overlapping scales and they periodically shed their skin

features that brids and crocodilians share

they both have 4 chambered hearts and crocodilians are the cloest living relative to birds

what are egg laying mammals called

monotremes

what are the 5 species of egg laying mammals

echindnas (make up 4/5) and platypus

The most diverse group of placental mammals are

rodents