ionic compounds and naming schemes?

ionic compound

usually formed between a metal cation and a nonmetal anion

periods on the periodic table

horizontal rows of the periodic table

groups on the periodic table

vertical columns of the periodic table

cation formed from metal atoms

same name as the metal

cations formed from nonmetal

ends in -ium

metal that can form different cations

indicated by roman numerals

elements that can form multiple cations

transition metals

monatomic anions nomenclature

ends in -ide

oxyanion

contains one or more oxygen atoms

amount of oxygen atoms period 2 has

3 oxygen atoms

amount of oxygen atoms period 3 has

4 oxygen atoms

nomenclature for max oxygen atoms in an oxyanion

hypo-element-ite

nomenclature for common amt of oxygen atoms in an oxyanion

element-ate

nomenclature for one less than the common amt of oxygen atoms in an oxyanion

element-ite

nomenclature for least amt of oxygen atoms in an oxyanion

hypo-element-ite

nomenclature for adding hydrogen in an oxyanion

add “hydrogen” or “dihydrogen” respectively to the beginning

nomenclature for ionic compounds

cation name then the anion name

acid composition

composed of an anion connected to enough H+ atoms to neutralize it

acid nomenclature for monatomic anions

hydro-element-ic

nomenclature for a common oxyanion or more oxygen than common oxyanion into an acid

change to -ic and keep all prefixes

nomenclature for an oxyanion with less oxygen atoms than the common anion into an acid

change to -ous and keep all prefixes

endings for binary molecular compounds

second element ends in -ide

nomenclature for binary molecular compounds

element farthest to the left or closest to the bottom get written first

mono-

1

di-

2

tri-

3

tetra-

4

penta-

5

hexa-

6

hepta-

7

nomenclature for the first element in binary molecular compounds

greek prefixes given corresponding to the number of atoms for the element

nomenclature for alkanes

always end in -ane

prefixes for alkanes

start at the 5th carbon and on

isomers

compounds that have the same molecular formula with different arrangements of atoms

when one CH3 group breaks off from the main isomer group

iso-

when 2 CH3 group breaks off from the main isomer group

neo-

alcohol

replaced an H atom of an alkane with an OH atom

nomenclature for alcohols

-ol

prefix of “1-” in alcohols

indicates that OH replaced an outer carbon atom

prefix of “2-” in alcohols

indicates that OH replaced a middle carbon atom

methane

1 carbon alkame

ethane

2 carbon alkane

propane

3 carbon alkane

butane

4 carbon alkane