Drugs for Urinary Elimination Alterations

Anticholinergics mechanism

Block muscarinic receptors in the detrusor muscle to reduce bladder spasms.

Oxytrol administration

Oxytrol is an anticholinergic given as a transdermal patch.

Anticholinergic contraindications

Contraindicated in urinary retention, BPH, GI obstruction, and glaucoma.

Beta-3 agonist example

Mirabegron (Myrbetriq).

Beta-3 agonist mechanism

Relaxes the bladder to reduce urge incontinence and frequency.

Bethanechol (Urecholine) class

Cholinergic used to treat urinary retention and stimulate bladder contractions.

Cholinergic contraindications

Avoid in GI/urinary obstructions, asthma, bradycardia, hypotension, and Parkinson disease.

Loop diuretics mechanism

Inhibit sodium and potassium reabsorption in the loops and tubules.

Loop diuretic examples

Furosemide (Lasix), bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, and torsemide.

Thiazide diuretics mechanism

Act in the distal convoluted tubule to prevent sodium and potassium reabsorption.

Potassium-sparing diuretics mechanism

Prevent sodium reabsorption while allowing potassium to be reabsorbed.

Spironolactone special use

Treats female hirsutism by blocking androgen receptors.

Potassium-sparing dietary warning

Patients taking potassium-sparing diuretics should avoid salt substitutes.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor example

Acetazolamide.

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors mechanism

Increase excretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and water in renal tubules.

Osmotic diuretic example

Mannitol (Osmitrol).

Mannitol secondary uses

Decreases cerebral edema and reduces intraocular pressure.

Topical hormone therapy uses

Treats menopausal vulvar/vaginal atrophy and associated urinary incontinence.

Topical estrogen safety warning

Tell patient to notify HCP of any vaginal bleeding or spotting.