Developmental and Acquired Defects OMFR

cleft lip

Defective fusion of the medial

nasal process with the maxillary

process

cleft palate

Failure of the palatal shelves to

fuse

Orofacial clefts

Could be from maternal alcohol/smoking/anticonvulsant therapy, or syndromes

bifid uvula

Very common, can also be combined with submucous palatal cleft (when bone not continuous but mucosa over everything)

Pierre robin

• CP

• Mandibular micrognathia (small mandible)

• Glossoptosis (airway obstruction from posterior/lower displacement of tongue)

Probably from constraints in utero

paramedian lip pits

• Rare congenital invaginations of

the lower lip

• Bilateral and symmetric

Could be part of van der Woude or kabuki syndrome

van der woude

if paramedian lip pits are inherited AD with CL and/or CP it is called

double lip

• Redundant fold of tissue on the

mucosal side of the lip

• Most cases are congenital, but

may be acquired

ascher syndrome

• Double lip

• Blepharochalasis

• Nontoxic thyroid enlargement

microglossia

• Uncommon developmental

condition of unknown cause that

is characterized by an

abnormally small tongue

• May be isolated or part of a

syndrome

macroglossia

• Enlargement of the tongue

• May be congenital or acquired

Common with Down syndrome

down syndrome

macroglossia is commonly associated with ...

Ankyloglossia

• Short, thick lingual frenum

resulting in limitation of tongue

movement

no

in most cases in treatment necessary for ankyloglossia

females

lingual thyroids are 4-7x more likely in ...

lingual thyroid

• If the primitive gland does not descend normally, ectopic thyroid tissue may be found between the foramen cecum and the epiglottis

hairy tongue

Marked accumulation of keratin

on the filiform papillae of the

dorsal tongue, resulting in a

hair-like appearance

Not from fungal infection

coated tongue

Numerous bacteria and

desquamated epithelial cells

accumulate on the dorsal

tongue surface, but without the

hair-like filiform projections

candidiasis; antifungal

coated tongue can be misdiagnosed as

..... and treated

unnecessarily with ....

medications

black coated tongue

• Black staining of the dorsal

tongue without elongation of

the filiform papillae

• Can occur in patients who use

Photo bismol or some other antibiotics

varices

• Abnormally dilated and tortuous

veins

• Age is an important etiologic

factor

sublingual

The most common type of oral

varicosity is the .... varix

caliber persistent artery

• Common vascular anomaly

• A main arterial branch extends

up into the superficial

submucosal tissues without a

reduction in its diameter

• Seen more frequently in older

adults

eagle syndrome

• Elongation of the styloid process

or mineralization of the

stylohyoid ligament complex is

reported in 18% to 84% of the population increasing in

incidence with age

• Usually bi-, but may be unilateral

- only called ..... if there are symptoms present

stafne defect

• Focal concavity of the cortical bone on the lingual surface of the

mandible

• Believed to be developmental, but does not appear to be present

from birth

• Contain a portion of the submandibular gland

males

is stafne defect more common in males or females

fordyce granules

• Sebaceous glands that occur on the oral mucosa

• Sebaceous glands are considered to be dermal adnexal structure so

those found in the oral cavity have been considered to be "ectopic"

• However, Fordyce granules have been reported in more than 80% of

the population

• SO THEY ARE NORMAL

leukoedema

• Diffuse, gray-white, milky,

opalescent appearance of the

mucosa

• Surface appears folded/wrinkled

• Does not rub off

• Typically occurs bilaterally on the

buccal mucosa, mat extend to

labial mucosa

• White appearance greatly

diminishes or disappears when

the cheek is everted and stretched

fissure tongue

• Presence of numerous grooves,

or fissures, on the dorsal tongue

surface

• Cause unknown, but heredity

appears to play a significant role

• Strong association between

fissured tongue and geographic

tongue

tori

• Localized bony protuberances that arise from the cortical plate

• May be related to stresses placed on the bone from the function of

teeth

• The best-known oral exostoses - the torus palatinus and the torus

mandibularis