Sociological Theories

Theory

an abstract proposition that both explains the social world and makes predictions about future events. 

Sociological Perspective

the view that our social factors influence our attitudes, behavior, and life chances.

Social Factors

the varied social categories that could affect a person’s circumstances, experiences and social position.

Social Location

a term used to describe a person's position in society and how their identity relates to others. It's a combination of factors such as race, gender, class, sexuality, age, religion, ability, and geographic location.

Functionalism

society is a complex system where all the different parts work together to ensure society survives by relying on the status quo.

Structures

 Large ways society organize themselves like family, government, religion, economy, education, etc.

Functions

Specific tasks or behaviors within a structure. For example, asking to go to the bathroom at school but not at home. Military draft for young men but not older men. 

Dysfunction

Social behaviors that have a negative impact on society

Manifest

Behaviors/functions that are intended and recognized.

Latent

Functions that are not intentional or recognized.

Conflict Perspective

People who see conflict, competition, & struggle in society as inevitable, natural, and potentially desirable. Critical of the status quo and desires social change because of inequality. Examples: politics, wages, civil rights, abortion, & taxes.

Symbolic Interaction Perspective

We attach meaning to symbols based on our experience and understanding of a symbol. Looking at how people use symbols, gestures and sayings and how it affects our culture/society. Example: peace sign, brands, logos, word and emojis.

Marginalization

the process of excluding or discriminating against individuals or groups based on their characteristics, such as race, gender, or socioeconomic status.

Social Inequality

the condition where people have unequal access to valued resources, services and positions in society.

Social Interaction

Various group settings influence our own behavior, actions and attitudes.

Examples: Funeral, party, school, courtroom, religious service, & athletics.