PSYCHOLOGICAL SELF

Psychology

deals with the description, explanation, prediction and control of behaviour and the connection of human behaviour to the study of the self will provide explanations for a clearer, better understanding of the individual.

WILLIAM JAMES

• Theory of Self

  • 2 Parts of the Self - Me self and I self

Me Self

• also known as the empirical me

• considered as a separate object.

• Material Self, Social Self, Spiritual Self

Material self

consists of the things that belong to the person or entities that a person belongs to such as body, family, clothes, etc

Social self

refers to who the person is in a particular situation.

Spiritual Self

refers to the self that is more concrete when compared to the material and social selves.

I self

• also known as the thinking self

• it is the self that knows and recognizes who they are and what they have done.

MURRAY BOWEN

• Family Therapy and Systemic Therapy

  • Global Self and Differentiated self

Global self

represents the over-all value that a person places upon himself.

Differentiated self

a balance should be maintained between “togetherness” and “individuality”. This has the ability to separate feelings and thoughts.

CARL ROGERS

• Person-Centered Theory

  • 2 Types of Self - Real self and Ideal self

Real self

refers to all information and perception the person has about himself; answers the question “Who am I?”

Ideal self

model version the person has of himself; this is what the person aims for himself to be; answers the question “Who do I want to be?”

congruence

There should be __________ between the real and ideal self.

DAVID LESTER

Multiple Selves theory

Multiple Selves theory

It suggests that there exists in the individual different aspects of the self. However, a person should still make sense of the sometimes confusing and conflicting aspects of themselves and integrate them into a single, unified self.

DW WINNICOTT

• True and False Selves

  • 2 parts of the Self - True Self and False Self

True self

seen as creative, spontaneously experiencing each day; characterized by high levels of awareness

False self

lacks spontaneity and is dead and empty; enables the person to form superficial but productive social relationships

present; functional

Both should be ______ and ________ for the advantage of person and society.

ALBERT BANDURA

• Social Cognitive Theory

  • The person is seen as proactive and agentic.

Features of Human Agency

1. Intentionality

2. Forethought

3. Self-reactiveness

4. Self-reflectiveness

Intentionality

person has full awareness of his behaviour

Forethought

the person’s anticipation of likely outcomes of his behaviour.

Self-reactiveness

the process in which the person is motivated and regulates his behaviour as he observes his progress in achieving his goals

Self-reflectiveness

the person looking inward and evaluating his motivations, values, life goals and other people’s effect on him.

Results in self-regulation

allows the person to set goals that are better and higher than the former, challenging his capabilities and making him a wiser and self-actualized individual.