Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care: The Basics - Midterm Study Guide

Covers Units 1-4 & 7

vital signs

measurements of temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure.

radial pulse

pulse of the radial artery felt in the wrist

brachial pulse

the pulse inside the elbow

Systolic

First measurement of blood pressure phase when the heart is at work contracting and pushing the blood from left ventricles

Diastolic

Second measurement of blood pressure: phase where the heart is relaxed or at rest

Restraint

A physical or chemical way to restrict voluntary movement or behavior

restraint free care

restraints are not kept or used at all for any reason

restraint alternatives

any intervention used in place of a restraint or that reduces the need for a restraint

Input/intake

The fluid a person consumes

Output

Fluid that is eliminated from the body

fluid balance

maintaining equal input and output, or taking in and eliminating equal amounts of fluid.

Specimen

A sample that is used for analysis in order to try to make a diagnosis

Void

Urinate

routine urine specimen

collected anytime the resident voids or urinates

Hat

A plastic collection container sometimes put into a toilet to collect and measure urine or stool

Clean-catch specimen

A urine specimen that does not include the first and last urine voided; also called midstream specimen

Catheter

Thin tube inserted into the body that is used to drain or inject fluids

urinary catheter

used to drain urine from the bladder

straight catheter

does not remain inside the person; removed immediately after urine is drained

indewling catheter (foley catheter)

Remains inside of brasses for a period of time

Condom catheters (Texas catheter)

Has an attachment on the end that fits into the penis. Changed daily or as needed

oxygen therapy

the administration of oxygen to increase the supply of oxygen to the lungs

Combustion

The process of burning something

flammable

able to catch fire easily

IV therapy

the delivery of medication, nutrition, or fluids through a persons veins

occupied bed

a bed made while a person is in the bed.

Closed bed

A bed completely made with the bedspread and blankets in place

Open bed

folding the linen down to the foot of the bed.

OBRA requires that on admission

Residents must be provided with written copy of their rights and must be told their legal rights

To discharge a resident from a facility who just give the discharge order

A doctor

OBRA requires that a resident has the right

To receive advanced notice before being transferred or discharged

Mouth (oral) temp

97.6-99.6

Rectum (Rectal)

98.6-100.6

armpit (axilla)

96.6-98.6

Ear (tympanic)

96.6-99.7

temporal artery

a major artery of the head, under the skin of the forehead

temporal artery (temp)

97.2-100.1

Normal pulse rate

60-100 bpm

Normal respiratory rate

12-20 breaths per minute

blood pressure (BP) normal

Systolic 100-119

Diastolic 60-79

blood pressure (BP) low

Below 100/60

prehypertension blood pressure

Systolic 120 - 139 mm Hg or Diastolic 80 - 89 mm Hg

high blood pressure

140/90 or above

body temperature normal

98.6

The most accurate way to get temperature

Rectal

The least accurate way to get temperature

Ancillary (arm pit)

pulse oximeter

a device that uses light to determine the amount of oxygen in the blood. Also measures pulse

Pain is not

A normal part of aging

Who orders the use of a restraint

Doctor

How many fluids does a healthy person need in a day ?

64 oz

I&O

intake and output

1 oz = ? mL

30 mL

1/4 cup = ? Oz = ? Ml

1/4= 2 oz = 60 ml

1/2 cup = ? Oz = ? Ml

1/2= 4 oz = 120 ml

1 cup = ? oz = ? mL

1 cup = 8 oz = 240 mL

When is the best time to collect sputum?

Early morning

nasal cannula

A piece of plastic tubing that fits around the face and is secured by a straps that goes over the ears and around the head

DO NOT TAKE A TEMPERATURE ON

A resident that has smoked, eaten or drank fluids, chewed gum or exercised in the last 10-20 minutes

Pulse

The number of times the heart beats per minute

small children pulse

100-120 beats per minute

Infant pulse

120-140 beats per minute

140/90

hypertension

Systolic

Top number, first sound heard

Diastolic

Bottom number, the sound is muffled, thump or disappears

Port

A permanent opening for iv lines

Facilities must maintain temps between ___ and ____

71 and 81

Linens should be changed after

Person care

homeostasis

the condition in which all of the body's systems are working at their best.

metabolism

physical and chemical processes by which substances are produced or broken down into energy or products for use by the body.

dilate

to widen.

constrict

to narrow.

atrophy

the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use.

contracture

the permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to lack of activity.

inflammation

swelling.

autoimmune illness

an illness in which the body's immune system attacks normal tissue in the body.

rheumatoid arthritis

a type of arthritis in which joints become inflamed, red, swollen, and very painful, resulting in restricted movement and possible deformities.

osteoarthritis

common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis.

osteoporosis

a disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle, causing them to break easily.

menopause

the end of menstruation.

partial weight-bearing (PWB)

a doctor's order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on one or both legs.

non-weight-bearing (NWB)

a doctor's order stating that a person is unable to touch the floor or support any body weight on one or both legs.

full weight-bearing (FWB)

a doctor's order stating that a person has the ability to support full body weight (100%) on both legs.

hemiplegia

paralysis on one side of the body.

hemiparesis

weakness on one side of the body.

expressive aphasia

trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writing.

receptive aphasia

difficulty understanding spoken or written words.

emotional lability

laughing or crying without any reason or when it is inappropriate.

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing.

gait

manner of walking.

paraplegia

loss of function of lower body and legs.

quadriplegia

loss of function of legs, trunk, and arms.

hypertension (HTN)

high blood pressure, measuring 140/90 or higher.

diuretics

medications that reduce fluid volume in the body.

respiration

the process of breathing air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs.

inspiration

breathing in.

expiration

exhaling air out of the lungs.

digestion

the process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells.

elimination

the process of expelling solid wastes (made up of the waste products of food) that are not absorbed into the cells.

fecal incontinence

the inability to control the bowels, leading to involuntary passage of stool.

constipation

the inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination of a hard, dry stool.