Chemistry S-1a,b: Chemical Reactions, Stoichiometry, and Atomic Structure Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering chemical reactions, stoichiometry, empirical formulas, atomic structure, and chemical nomenclature based on Chemistry S-1a,b lecture notes.

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

An antiviral drug (generic name oseltamivir) used in the treatment of influenza virus A and B infection that acts as a neuraminidase inhibitor to slow the spread of the virus.

Neuraminidase

An enzyme located on the surface of a flu virus that helps virus copies break free from an infected cell to spread.

CR6261

A broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) discovered in humans that binds to the stem portion of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein on the surface of influenza viruses.

Avogadro's Number

The number of units in one mole of any substance, defined as $6.02 \times 10^{23}$.

Molar Mass

The mass in grams or kilograms of one mole of units (atoms or molecules) of a substance.

Empirical Formula

A chemical formula representing the smallest whole-number ratio of the various types of atoms in a compound.

Molecular Formula

A chemical formula that gives the exact number and type of atoms present in a molecule.

Percent Composition (by Mass)

The mass of an element divided by the total mass of the compound, multiplied by $100\%$: $\text{Percent composition} = \frac{\text{Mass of element}}{\text{Mass of compound}} \times 100\%$.

Combustion Analysis

An experiment used to determine the empirical formula of a combusted compound containing carbon and hydrogen by measuring the masses of $\text{CO}_2$ and $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ produced.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum calculated mass of product that can be formed in a chemical reaction based on stoichiometry when all of the limiting reactant is consumed.

Percent Yield

The ratio of the actual yield of product obtained in an experiment to the theoretical yield, multiplied by $100\%$: $\text{Percent yield} = \frac{\text{Actual Yield}}{\text{Theoretical Yield}} \times 100\%$.

Limiting Reactant

The reactant that produces the least amount of product and is completely consumed first in a chemical reaction.

Element

A substance that cannot be decomposed or broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.

Compound

A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.

Mixture

A physical combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its chemical identity.

Atom

The smallest particle of an element that can display the properties of that element.

Molecule

A particle formed when two or more atoms are joined together.

Physical Property

A characteristic that matter displays without undergoing a change in its chemical composition (e.g., color, melting point, density).

Chemical Property

The ability or inability of a sample of matter to undergo a change in its chemical composition (e.g., flammability or tendency to rust).

Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)

A mixture that exhibits a uniform composition and appears visually identical throughout.

Conversion Factor

A term formed by writing an equality as a fraction, used to convert a quantity from one unit to another.

Proton

A positively charged subatomic particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

An uncharged subatomic particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

Electron

A negatively charged subatomic particle existing outside the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which identifies the element.

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Structural Formula

A formula that gives the number and type of atoms present in a molecule, as well as a description of how the atoms are connected to each other.

Monatomic Ion

An individual atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge.

Polyatomic Ion

A molecule that has gained or lost electrons, acquiring a positive or negative charge.

Ionic Compound

A compound composed of cations and anions, such as a metal paired with a non-metal, a metal with a polyatomic ion, or two polyatomic ions.